1. STEREONET
STEREONET DRAWINGS

2. StereoNet Features
StereoNet is a program for plotting on stereonets and performing 3D analysis and recalculations.
Only available memory limits the number of points that can be plotted.
Each point needs 8 bytes, so 1Mb of RAM can hold 125,000 points.

3. StereoNet Features 1-The graphic of Stereonet
This program based on two characteristics:
1-The graphic of Stereonet
2-The calculation of the tectonic data

4. StereoNet graphics
The graphics are in separate windows, and it is possible to operate several graphic windows simultaneously.
The data can be plotted in a stereonet with either Schmidt (equal area) or Wulff (equal angle) projection.
Each graphic window is assigned to the default hemisphere (lower, upper or both) during creation.
It is possible to print the graphic on any printing device that Windows supports.
The graphic can be copied into other Windows applications via the clipboard.
All these features can be plotted on the same plot.

5. StereoNet graphics - Plotting planar data, as great circles.
- Plotting points, with a number of different symbols
- Plotting contours.
- Plotting rose diagrams.
- Plotting statistics
- Plotting slip linear plots
- Color support, the user can define any color.

6. StereoNet Calculations
The result of all recalculations can be saved in files and printed from StereoNet.
- Eigen vector analysis.
- Rotations in 3D.
- Calculating contours.
- Calculating planar data to poles.
- Calculating poles to planar data .
- Calculating intersections between planes.

7. StereoNet-Graphics
The Graphic menu is for managing the graphic windows, creating them and plotting into them.
To use the plotting commands, a graphic window must have been created and it must be the active window.
If several graphic windows exist, the action only takes place in the active window.

8. StereoNet-Graphics New/Open
The Open command is used for retrieving graphics saved with the Save As command in the Graphic menu. This prompts you with the file open dialog box, and lets you select and open a graphic file (Windows Metafile).
The graphics will be put into the active graphic window.
If only the saved graphic is required in the window, perform this command on an empty window. Otherwise, it will be superimposed on top of any graphics already in the window.

9. StereoNet-Graphics Save As
This command saves the active graphic window in a Windows Metafile (WMF). The graphic can be retrieved by the Open command in the Graphic menu. It's also possible to import the graphic file into most applications that accept WMF files.

10. StereoNet-Graphics Circle Contours Text Point Plane Rose Diagram
Plot Statistics
Slip Linear Plot
Single Value Plot

11. StereoNet-Graphics Circle
The Circle command simply draws the stereonet circle, with an N marking the north, thick marks marking the main directions and a cross in the center of the circle.

12. StereoNet-Graphics
Contours
To plot contours in a graphic window, use the contour command. The contours have to be calculated and saved on a file before you use this command.
If there is not any previously used file, the open file dialog box will automatically appear.
Information about the contouring is shown in the draw contour dialog box and the title of the contoured dataset is shown in the title bar of the dialog box.

13. StereoNet-Graphics CONTOURS
To select another file, just click the input file button and the open file dialog box appears.
Before drawing the contours, you can choose which contours are to be drawn. You can choose between all lines; every 2, 3, lines; and selected lines. If you choose Selected lines you have to select lines from the list box to the right in the dialog box, which is done by pointing and clicking with the mouse.

14. StereoNet-Graphics CONTOURS
Contours with the highest values will be filled with the current fill color. Lower contour values will gradually be filled with a color closer to white. If you do not want the contours to be filled, choose the transparent fill before drawing the contours.
Checking the spectrum option will fill the contouration with the colors of the rainbow (red at highest densities), independent of the current fill color.

15. StereoNet-Graphics CONTOURS
To give the plot a better look it is recommended that you plot the circle after plotting the contours. This is because the contour plot may cover parts of the circle and/or the center cross.
If Text is selected, then information about the contouration is plotted below the stereonet. The current font is used.
Checking the scale option, plots a contour scale in percentage or sigma to the right of the stereonet. The scale is labelled with the current font. Use the Zoom and Offset command in the View menu to adjust the position and size of the stereonet if the scale exceeds the graphic window.

16. StereoNet-Graphics CONTOURS
Checking the scale option, plots a contour scale in percentage or sigma to the right of the stereonet. The scale is labelled with the current font. Use the Zoom and Offset command in the View menu to adjust the position and size of the stereonet if the scale exceeds the graphic window.

17. StereoNet-Graphics Text
Plots the current number of points and the title of the data set using the current font below the stereonet.
If not all of the text is visible on the screen this can be adjusted by the Zoom and Offset command in the View menu.

18. StereoNet-Graphics Point
Plots the current data set as points in the stereonet.
The current symbol type chosen in the SymbolBox is used.

19. StereoNet-Graphics Plane
Plots the current data set as planes in the stereonet.
The current line thickness and line type is used.

20. StereoNet-Graphics Rose Diagram
The Rose Diagram command is used to plot a rose diagram of the current data set. It is plotted with the line and fill chosen under Options in the Graphic menu and the ColorBox. There are two different types of rose diagrams.

21. StereoNet-Graphics Rose Diagram
To change the size of the rose diagram, you have to change the scale percent in the Rose diagram dialog box. This value shows how many percent the outermost scale ring represents. To plot the scale, mark the scale in the dialog box. The scale has a constant size. So a small value gives a big rose diagram.

22. StereoNet-Graphics Rose Diagram
The scale rings are evenly separated, so if 4 scale rings are chosen then each ring represents one quarter of the scale value. To make the area of each sector proportional to the value, check the log scale option. The length of each sector becomes proportional to the square-root of the number it contains. This will make high values shorter and low values longer.

23. StereoNet-Graphics Rose Diagram
If you select the bi-directional option, the rose diagram becomes bi-directional, which summarizes values in opposite directions. If the mean arrow is checked, two mean arrows will be drawn.
The degree ticks option makes one line for each 10th degree from the center to the edge of the outermost scale ring.

24. StereoNet-Graphics Rose Diagram
The mean arrow option puts on an arrow in the mean direction. If the bi-directional option is chosen, another arrow is put on in the opposite direction. The direction of the arrow is based on the Fisher mean (Cheeney, 1983).
Checking the text option, plots information about the dataset below the stereonet. The R value gives information on how clustered the data is.

25. StereoNet-Graphics
Plot Statistics
This plots the statistics of the current data set. You can choose among Mean (Fisher or Eigenval.), Pole to girdle and Girdle (best fitted great circle). The Mean and the Pole to girdle are plotted as points, while the Girdle is plotted as a plane.

26. StereoNet-Graphics Plot Statistics
The Fisher mean (Cheeney, 1983) is polar, so it is only plotted in one of the hemispheres, while the other values to this plot are derived from the eigen vector calculation which gives a bi-directional result.
Calculations for the confidence cone is based on the Fisher mean, and the confidence level can be set to any value between 50 and 99.9%.

27. StereoNet-Graphics Slip Linear Plot
A slip linear plot is a plot on which the symbol for the pole to a fault plane is decorated by a line that shows direction of the slip. If you know the movement (up or down) the sense of slip will be shown by an arrow.
The result is very useful for representing the kinematics in a fault array. For more information refer to Marshak and Mitra (1988).

28. StereoNet-Graphics
Slip Linear Plot
In the Plot Slip Linear dialog box you have to give the input filename (slip linear fileformat). Choosing OK with an empty input filename box prompts you with the file selection dialog box.
As an option you can give filenames for M-Plan and/or Striation, then these values will be saved on disk as normal StereoNet data files.

29. StereoNet-Graphics Slip Linear Plot
The pole to the fault is plotted with the current symbol if the Point checkbox is checked. If Arrow is checked and the up or down movement is indicated, then the movement is shown by an arrow. The Length just specifies how long the arrow or line should be.

30. StereoNet-Graphics Single Value Plot
This command shows a dialog box in which you can enter a single value to be plotted as a point, plane, pole to plane or
small circle. To plot a small circle the radius of the cone must be given in degrees.

31. StereoNet-Graphics Properties
The Properties command shows a dialog box where to change the title and the hemisphere which is assigned to a graphic window.

32. StereoNet-Graphics Options
The Option command shows a dialog box where you can change the graphical options. The options are divided into three sections; Line, Color and Circle.
The color section, only displays the current color.
The Line section affects all lines which are plotted, even lines around symbols and the stereonet circle.

33. StereoNet-Graphics
The thickness is relative to the size of the plotting area. Choosing zero as the thickness gives the thinnest line possible on the device used (also on the hard copy).
This is especially recommended for outputs on pen plotters, to avoid lengthy plotting times.

34. StereoNet-Graphics
For using line types other than the solid one, you have to choose zero as the line thickness otherwise it will be solid.
The Circle section affects how the circle is drawn. The N size is for scaling the N marking the north on the circle. By checking the corresponding check boxes, the N (marking the north), the direction ticks and center cross will be drawn.

35. StereoNet-Graphics
Fonts
This is used to select the font used for plotting text and characters. The text will be plotted using the current fill color.

36. StereoNet Calculate Plane to Pole Pole to Plane Rotate Eigen Vector
Intersection
Contours

37. StereoNet Calculate Plane to Pole
This command recalculates the current data set of planes to poles as if the current data set were planes. The command does the opposite as the Pole to Plane command

38. StereoNet Calculate Formula: Dip=-1(90-Dip) Dip=-1(90-Dip)
Right Hand Rule Format: Dip Direction Format:
Dip=-1(90-Dip) Dip=-1(90-Dip)
Strike=Strike-90 Strike=Strike-180

39. StereoNet Calculate Pole to Plane
This command recalculates the current data set of poles to planes as if the current data set were poles to planes.
The command does the opposite as the Plane to Pole command.

40. StereoNet Calculate Rotate
The Rotate command rotates the current data set any angle in 3D, clockwise about any given axis.
The rotated data becomes the current data set.
You have to specify whether the data are planes or points, before rotation.
Data rotated into the upper hemisphere will be given negative dip values.

41. StereoNet Calculate
Eigen Vector
The eigen vector of the current data set is calculated by this command. The calculation algorithm is from Davis (1973).
This is a valuable function as it can work out whether the data set is significant. It also shows you where the mean and the pole of a girdle is found.
It is also possible to see if the data are random, concentrated on a single area or if the data lie on a great circle trace.
The result from this calculation is used in the Plot Statistics command in the Graphic menu.

42. StereoNet Calculate Eigen Vector Interpretation of eigen vector/values
The vectors give information about the mean (V1) and pole to girdle (V3). V1 and V2 always lie on the girdle trace.
The eigen values ratio plot S2/S3 vs S1/S2 on a logarithmic axis is used for quantifying shapes of the data set.
C and K, which are calculated from the eigen values, are also used for determining the shape of the data set.
The K value is the shape parameter showing whether the data set is clustered or has a girdle distribution; high K values indicate a clustered distribution. A high C value indicates that the clustering/girdling is strong.

43. StereoNet Calculate Eigen Vector Interpretation of eigen vector/values
For determining whether the data set is random or significant you can use S1/S3 ratio plotted against N.
You have to use this diagram for determining if the data set is significant. For more information on the subject refer to Woodcock & Naylor (1983).

44. StereoNet Calculate Intersection
This command recalculates the current data set to all the intersections of planes.
This function can produce lots of points since all planes (except parallel planes) will intersect.
Number of intersections=N(N-1)/2.
The intersections become the current data set.

45. StereoNet Calculate Contours
This command calculates the contour values and saves the data on a binary file. This has to be done before contours can be plotted in a graphic window.
Since the result is saved in a file it does not need to be recalculated each time it is plotted.

46. StereoNet Calculate Contours
There are several contouring options. First it is possible to choose if the counting circle should be measured as distance on the projection or as an angle on the hemisphere.
When contouring by hand, a counting circle is put on a stereonet, this first option emulates the hand contouring method.

47. StereoNet Calculate Contours
However a better way of contouring is actually to measure the angle between the counting station and the data points, which is the method used when the angle on hemisphere is selected.
Measuring the angle gives more elliptical counting circles, on the projection, towards the edge of the stereonet.

48. StereoNet Calculate Contours
Kamb (1959), proposed to use a counting circle with an area proportional to:
9/(N+9).
Checking the Kamb option calculates a search area according to Kamb's formula.

49. Contours
When measuring the distance on the projection, the calculation of contours uses the step function, where each point inside a circle with a given search area will increase the value by one.

50. StereoNet Calculate Contours
The default search area is 1%, but can be changed to everything between 0.1 to 50%.
Polar data (sphere), will use a search circle that has half the area, since the total area is twice the size of nonpolar data (hemisphere).
The program assumes that the data is polar then the lower/upper hemisphere only is selected.

51. StereoNet Calculate Contours
Choosing to measure the angle instead of the distance also gives the opportunity to use a spherical Gaussian weighting function, instead of the step function.

52. Contours
A Gaussian weighting function decreases the influence of each point by its distance from the counting station, which gives much smoother contour lines.
Further information about the spherical Gaussian weighting function is given in Robin and Jowett (1985).

53. StereoNet Calculate Contours
Three types of units for contour lines can be selected.
1-Step
2-Percentage
3-Deviation (Sigma):

54. StereoNet Calculate 1-Step:
The contours are made for each integer value of the calculation.
This will normally be one contour for each point within the search area.

55. StereoNet Calculate 2-Percentage:
The result from the calculation is divided on how many percent each value represents (100/N) and contour lines are made for each percent.

56. StereoNet Calculate 3-Deviation (Sigma):
Calculation of deviation depends on the counting method and if it is nonpolar or polar data (hemisphere or sphere).

57. StereoNet Calculate
Polar Data Non-polar Data
Gaussian sigma^2=N(k-1)/4k^2 sigma^2=N((k/2)-1)/k^2
Step sigma^2=NA(1-A) sigma^2=NA(1-A)
N is the number of data-points, A is the search area and k is the constant in the spherical Gaussian function.
If you think this is complicated, and you just want an ordinary contouration, choose a 1% step or conventional with K=100 as the contouring options.

58. StereoNet Calculate
The resolution can be set in the range between 25 and 200. The number defines the grid, 25 makes a grid of 25 X 25 points (ie 625 points); 200 will make 40,000 points. Thus at higher resolution, better and more accurate contouring will be achieved. However, this has its drawbacks in that it takes much longer to calculate, and needs more memory. A resolution of 100 is recommended.

59. StereoNet Calculate
To enter the filename, click on the File button, and the File save dialog box appears.
If you don't give any extension to the filename, it automatically chooses CON as the extension.
Choosing OK with an empty filename box prompts you with the File Save dialog box.

60. StereoNet Calculate
During calculation, a meter will show how much of the calculation is complete. The calculation is done in three or four steps.
First the data is gridded and then the contour lines are calculated and then the data is saved on a file.
When using the angle on the hemisphere as the contouring method, the program does an initialization before gridding.

61. END OF STEREONET