1. Future upgrades of PHENIX
Y. Akiba
2011/1/21

2. Next Decade plan
Recently, Steve Vigdor (BNL ALD) charged PHENIX and STAR to develop Decadal Plans for 2011 – 2020
Science goals and detector upgrade paths
Anticipated Physics results from the current detector upgrades and RHIC upgrades
Compelling areas of physics that will open up with further upgrade
Plan for eA and ep when eRHIC is realized
PHENIX Decadal plan was submitted on October 1, 2010
Mid-term ( ):
W program and Heavy Quark physics
Beyond 2015:
Large upgrade of PHENIX (sPHENIX)

3. Opportunity for up-grade* or 1st EIC stage (eRHIC-I)
Slide by S.Vigor
RHIC-II science by-passing RHIC-II project
Opportunity for up-grade* or 1st EIC stage (eRHIC-I)
eRHIC-I physics
EIC = Electron-Ion Collider; eRHIC = BNL realization by adding e beam to RHIC
Luminosity upgrade:
Staged approach to eRHIC
LHC HI starts
Further luminosity upgrades (pp, low-E)
Further luminosity upgrades (pp, low-E)
© V. Litvinenko
eRHIC will add electron ERL inside RHIC tunnel, going from 5 to 30 GeV in stages
electron recirc-ulation mag-nets
* New PHENIX and STAR Decadal Plans provide options for this period Dedicated storage ring for novel charged-particle EDM measurements another option. 3

4. eRHIC Design Under Active Consideration
Vertically separated
recirculating passes.
# of passes will be chosen
to optimize eRHIC cost
Vis-à-vis earlier MeRHIC design, this allows for:
more IP’s
reusing infra-structure + det. components for STAR, PHENIX?
reduced cost
easier up-grade path
minimal environmental impact concerns
IR design to reach 1034 lumi-nosity
eRHIC detector
injector
2 SRF linac
1 -> 5 GeV per pass
4 (6) passes
Coherent
e-cooler
5 mm
20 GeV
e-beam
15 GeV
10 GeV
5 GeV
Common vacuum chamber
eRHIC-I  eRHIC: energy of electron beam is increased from 5 GeV to 30 GeV by building up the linacs
ePHENIX
RHIC: 325 GeV p
or 130 GeV/u Au with DX magnets removed
Gap 5 mm total
0.3 T for 30 GeV
eSTAR
© V. Litvinenko

5. PHENIX Decadal Plan (Oct 2010)
Submitted on Sept 30, 2010
Available at
Two part:
(mid term)
Physics with (F)VTX, mTrig
2015+ (longer term)
Larger Upgrade (sPHENIX)
eRHIC connection (ePHENIX)

6. Mid-term plan (to ~2015)
PHENIX Decadal Plan

7. PHENIX RUN PLAN (2011-2015) PHENIX Decadal Plan
Longitudinal 500 GeV
W program
350/pb for Wm
130/pb for We
DG at small x
Transverse GeV
50/pb for muon arms
17/pb with VTX
AN of various processes
Exploratory of Drell Yan
AN : Sivers sign change

8. PHENIX RUN PLAN ( )
Heavy quark physics with VTX is the main thrust of PHENIX Heavy Ion physics plan in
Heavy quark energy loss
Heavy quark flow
CNM on Heavy Quark
Plus
Spin Physics with VTX in p+p collisions
Charm AN, ALL
Bottom AN ALL
photon jet AN, ALL
di-jet AN, ALL

10. Physics menu for 2015+ ePHENIX
Study of interaction between parton and sQGP medium
Direct measurement of Jets and their modification
Study of mass dependence of medium-parton interaction
High statistic measurement of charm and bottom in Au+Au
Measurement of c and b jets
Study of color screening in the medium
High PtのJ/y（>10 GeV/c)
Upsilon
Probe of initial condition
Direct photon v2
High density QCD at small x
Forward Physics
ePHENIX
eA and ep when eRHIC beam come to PHENIX IR

11. Physics and observables in 2015+

12. Possible large upgrade of PHENIX beyond 2015+
Focuses on p+p, d+A, ep, eA
Focuses on A+A
Technology choice, performance evaluation, and cost estimate is starting
Detector R&D is important for coming few years

13. Evolution of PHENIX? Replace central magnet New forward spectrometer
sPHENIX
Replace
central
magnet
New forward spectrometer
ePHENIX
EIC
Optimized detectors for e, h

14. sPHENIX Upgrade Concept
Much larger acceptance than PHENIX
+ DAQ/Trigger: 50B events!

15. Performance of sPHENIX
p/p = p
electrons p = 5 GeV
+ p = 5 GeV
. Good mom. resolution & e/p separation
. Can separate the upsilon states
 spectroscopy

16. sPHENIX physics reach quarkonia Jets, photons
Jet measurement for GeV
Complementary to LHC
J/Psi measurements for
Wide pt range
10B central events / year == 1 events at 10-10

17. Forward spectrometer & “ePHENIX”
parton dynamics in polarized p+p
pT dependent PDFs (TMD’s) & FF’s
Drell-Yan to probe q  polarization
g, jets, hadrons:other subprocesses
ePHENIX:
Detect scattered lepton forward (DIS, SIDIS)
Investigate nuclear pdf’s to low-x (down to 10-5)
Diffractive processes: exclusive rxn is key in e+p
Access DVCS by detection of forward nucleon and detection of produced vector meson

18. Forward Physics Objectives
Transverse spin phenomena
Kinematics high xf, high rapidity |h| > 2
Drell-Yan test QCD prediction for Sivers btwn SIDIS and DY
Separate Sivers and Collins and do a flavor separation for the PDFs
p0-jet, g – jet, IFF for identified hadrons,
jet AN, direct photon
Longitudinal spin phenomena
high rapidity |h| > 2  extend x coverage for DG and Dq
Drell-Yan in dAu
Measure quark distributions in nuclei
Possible access to quark saturation
EIC physics
Measure polarized and unpolarized inclusive structure functions in ep / eA (F2, FL, F3, g1, g2, g5)
“Diffractive physics” (DVCS, etc.)

19. eRHIC Physics eA (5 GeV e x 130A GeV HI to 30 GeV x 130AGeV )
Saturation Physics, CGC
eRHIC proved deep inside the saturation region
Gluon density G(x,Q2,b) in nuclei
b: impact parameter. 3D picture of PDF
Parton fragmentation in nuclei
hadron formation and energy loss in Cold Nuclear matter
ep (5 GeV e x 325 GeV p to 30 GeV e x 325 GeV p)
Polarized PDF
DG(x), Du(x), Dd(x) at small x
Parton Angular Momentum distribution
GPD, DVCS
TMD
q(x,kT,Q2) from SIDIS and charm production

20. Parton Saturation Hera (e+p) didn’t reach the saturation regime
At eRHIC, saturation should be achieved
5 (30) x130 GeV  s1/2 = 51 (125) GeV
Hera (e+p) didn’t reach the saturation regime
as~ as << 1
At Small x, saturation must set in when gluons start overlapping

21. Charge for PAC Review of Decadal Plans
Are the science goals in each Plan well-posed and compelling? Are there important questions addressable with RHIC’s capabilities (perhaps after minor upgrades) that you find missing from the Collaboration’s list?
How well do the suggested measurement programs answer the highlighted science questions? Are there additional simulations or theoretical work that would strengthen the case for making those measurements?
Are the suggested measurement techniques and upgrades essential for answering these questions? (For example, can some questions be adequately answered by high-pT hadron detection without full jet reconstruction?)
Is the complementarity of the proposed RHIC program and of LHC heavy-ion capabilities clearly defined and convincing? If not, what would it take to clarify complementarity?
Do the measurements proposed with polarized beams constitute a compelling extension of the RHIC Spin Program, achievable with anticipated integrated luminosities?
Do the plans and proposed detector upgrades provide the basis for a useful transition of each Collaboration to an era with substantial focus on ep and eA collisions at an eRHIC?
How would you rank the priority (high, medium or low) of each proposed upgrade, taking into account both scientific and technical merit and rough estimates of cost?
Does the suite of proposed measurements justify RHIC operations beyond ~2017, assuming RHIC-II luminosities? If not yet, how can the case be strengthened?

22. The Different Approaches of PHENIX & STAR Decadal Plans
Slide by S. Vigdor (BNL ALD)
The Different Approaches of PHENIX & STAR Decadal Plans
Questions for PHENIX Plan:
Does science case justify major overhaul $$$?
Does jet focus play too much into LHC strengths?
Can we understand parton interactions in QGP well enough for jets to quanti-tatively probe degrees of freedom vs. length scale?
Can we supplement DOE $ by foreign investments? Stage barrel upgrades?
Is ePHENIX well enough integrated into Plan?

23. Summary
Mid-term (2011 – )
Harvest physics from PHENIX upgrades and RHIC performance increase
Muon Trigger  W measurements at 500 GeV
flavor dependence of anti-quark spin
VTX  Heavy quark physics in Heavy ion and Spin
Heavy quark energy loss and flow
Beyond
Expand physics reach further by a large scale next upgrade of PHENIX (sPHENIX)
Mid-rapidty: Focused on Heavy-Ion physics
Forward rapidity: Focused on p+p and d+A, and low x physics
ep and eA physics when eRHIC is realized
R&D for the upgrade is important in the coming few years