1. Photosynthesis

3. What is Photosynthesis?
The process by which plants use raw materials to produce food (energy)
Autotroph – make own food

4. The Raw Materials Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Light Energy from Sun
Organic or Inorganic?

6. The Products
Glucose (starch)
And
Oxygen

7. Equation for Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Food + +
Oxygen
SUN

8. Equation for Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Food + +
Oxygen
SUN

9. Where does photosynthesis occur?
In most plants, it occurs in the leaf in a structure called chloroplasts
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which gives the plant its green color and acts as an enzyme to begin the food making process

10. Chloroplasts:
Organelles located in leaf cells that contain the green pigment chlorophyll
Place where photosynthesis takes place

11. Two Major Reactions Light Reaction Dark Reaction In Grana (thylakoids)
Oxygen is given off as gas (come from H2O)
H (from H2O) goes to dark reaction
Dark Reaction
In stroma
CO2 combines with H from (H2O) to form glucose C6H12O6

12. Maintenance of Water
Plants need to regulate water loss and carbon dioxide intake for photosynthesis
When plants do not keep enough water in their cells, they wilt and die

13. Stoma & Guard Cells
Stomate – hole in a plant leaf which allows gases to enter and leave and water vapor to leave as well
Guard Cells – open and close the stomate

15. Stoma & Guard Cells
The ability of the guard cells to close during periods of limited water availability allows the plant to maintain water = homeostasis
THIS IS A FEEDBACK MECHANISM

16. Factors
Affecting
Photosynthesis

17. What are some factors that could affect plant growth?
How much light it receives
The temperature it is stored in
How much water it receives
What minerals are in the soil
The pH of the soil
The amount of CO2 in the air

18. Increasing Light Intensity
The rate (how fast it occurs) of photosynthesis will increase until a saturation level has been achieved
Increasing Light Intensity

19. 2. Temperature
Because photosynthesis uses enzymes, the rate of the reaction will increase until the temperature gets too hot
At that point the enzymes will denature (stop working).

20. 3. Water
Restricting the amount of available water will slow down the process of photosynthesis

21. 4. Minerals
Certain minerals are necessary to make chlorophyll (such as magnesium and nitrogen)
These minerals are obtained by the plants from the soil

22. 5. CO2 Concentration
Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air usually increases the rate of photosynthesis
Plants need CO2 to perform photosynthesis

23. Name and describe 2 of the six factors that affect photosynthesis.

24. Plant Tropism

25. Plant Tropism
The tendency of the leaves of a plant to grow towards sunlight
(Phototropism)

26. Plant grows towards the light

27. Auxins Plant hormones that encourage growth
Responsible for the bending of plants towards sunlight.

28. What color light is best to help plants grow?
Red and Blue lights are the best colors to expose green plants to because they will absorb the wavelengths of light
Exposing your plants to green light will not allow them to undergo photosynthesis because they will reflect this wavelength of color.

29. Why do we see green?

31. Leaves

32. Leaves:
Make it possible for plants to exchange gases (CO2 and O2.)

33. What organelles are present in plant cells that make photosynthesis possible?

34. Parts
of the
Leaf

35. Upper Epidermis Has a colorless waxy covering called the cuticle
Protects the leaf from water loss and insects

36. Parts of a Leaf

37. Root Hair
Absorb water and nutrients from soil

38. Parts of a Root

39. Xylem and Phloem Xylem – brings H2O up from roots to leaves
Phloem – carries food throughout plant

40. Transpiration
Water evaporates from the stomates of the leaf and is returned to the air

41. Parts of a Root

42. Xylem (x750)

43. Chromatography Plant pigments are separated
A) Place drop of pigment on chromatography paper
B) Dip in chemical allowing pigments to move based on charges

44. The End