1. Step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to the fabric.
From Fibers to Fabric:
Step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to the fabric.

2. Types of Fibers
There are 2 main types of fibers. Natural and Manufactured

3. Natural Fibers Sources: Animals Plants
Natural Fibers come from Animals and Plants or Protein and Cellulose.

4. Protein Fibers Protein Fibers are the fibers that come from animals.
Examples of these are Camels hair, wool from sheep, and silk from silk worm cocoons.

5. Cellulose Fibers
Cellulose fibers are the fibers that come from plants. Cotton comes from cotton trees, linen comes from flax plants.

6. Manufactured or Synthetic Fibers
Chemical or Protein
Manufactured or Synthetic Fibers are chemically treated fibers, some are based on protein or animal fibers. Pictured is a beaker.

7. Name Generic Name Trade Name Spandex Lycra®
Manufactured fibers have 2 names. The generic name which is the general or common name. And the Trade Name which is the name that company that made it gives it. Spandex is an example of a generic name and Lycra is the example of the trade name for Spandex.
Lycra®

8. Types Acetate Rayon Acrylic Spandex Nylon Triacetate Polyester
These are some of the types of manufactured or synthetic fibers that are out there.

9. Yarns Fibers overlapped and twisted together
Yarns are fibers that are overlapped and twisted together.

10. Types Monofilament Multifilament Spun There are 3 types of yarns.
Spun Yarns
.made from short fibers
.create pills in sweaters
Monofilament Yarns
.made from single fiber
.used in hosiery and to in ready to wear garments
Multifilament Yarns
.group of fibers, strong
silk and all manufactured fibers

11. Twist amount varies and increases strength
very low twist - just barely holds together
low twist - fluffy - weak
average twist for short fibers
high twist hard and compact
.Twist is added to yarns
.amount added to yarn varies
.added to increase strength
.very low twist for multifilament, used just to hold fibers together
.low twist, spun are fluffy, but weak (pill easy)
.average twist most common for short fibers
.high twist, hard and compact, less common, in voile and crepe fabrics

12. Texture given to manufactured fibers adds bulk, stretch, less static
Texture is added to manufactured fibers it adds bulk, stretch and creates less static.

13. Types of Texture There are 3 types of texture given. .Types .crimped
.looped
.coiled

14. fibers matted together and glued
Fabric Construction
woven of knit yarns
fibers matted together and glued
The yarns are then made into fabric, they are either woven or knit together,or the fibers are matted together and glued.

15. Woven Fabrics
Woven Fabrics have different types of weaves.

16. Plain Weave The first type is plain weave. Characteristics
Fairly strong
Easy to sew
Examples
Shirts
Dresses

17. Satin Weave Next is Satin Weave Characteristics Snags Less Durable
Wrinkles
Shows Stains
Hard to Sew With
Examples
Dressy Blouse
Fancy Dresses

18. Twill Weave 3rd is Twill Weave Characteristics Fairly strong
Wrinkle resistant
Hides Soil
Examples
Denim
Gabardine

19. Basket Weave 4th is Basket Weave Characteristics
Variation of Plain Weave
Examples
Oxford
Monks Cloth

20. Pile Weave Last is Pile Weave Examples Corduroy Velvet Terry Cloth
Flannel

21. Returns to Original Shape
Knits
Stretches
Returns to Original Shape
Wrinkle Resistant
The next way fabric is created is by knitting.
.Characteristics
.stretches
.returns to original shape
.wrinkle resistant
.Examples
.T shirt
.Active wear
Knit has 2 different types though.

22. Warp Knits vertical rows of loops - tricot jersey - lace
- raschel knit
The first kinds Warp knit
.Warp knit is formed by knitting vertical rows of loops
.The types of Warp knit are:
tricot jersey
lace
raschel knit
The picture is an example of lace

23. Weft Knit loops made as yarn added in crosswise direction double knit
jersey
rib knit
pile knit jersey
velour
purl knit
The other kind of knit is Weft Knit
Here the loops are made as yarn added in crosswise direction
The types or weft knit are
double knit
jersey
rib knit
pile knit jersey
velour
purl knit

24. Non Woven no grain no stretch or give
requires special sewing techniques
Then the last type of fabric is non woven. This is where the fibers are matted together and glued.
.Characteristics
.no grain
.no stretch or give
.requires special sewing techniques .

25. Non Wovens Here are some examples of Non Wovens. Examples .interfacing
.diapers (pictured)
.hospital gowns (pictured) and sheets
.cleaning cloths
.felt (pictured)

26. changes fiber properties to create a better product
Fabric Finishes
changes fiber properties to create a better product
After the fabric is made it is then sometimes given a finish to give it some characteristics that may be beneficial to the fabric but doesn’t have. There are several different types of finishes but we are just going to talk about 4. They are Permanent, Shrinkage Resistant, Soil Release, and Flame Retardant.

27. Permanent Finish heat set improves fabric resistance to wrinkling
stains difficult to remove
no need to iron
.Permanent
.heat set
.improves fabric resistance to wrinkling
.stains difficult to remove
.no need to iron

28. Shrinkage Resistant reduce shrinkage .Shrinkage Resistant

29. aids in removing dirt, oil, and grease
Soil Release
aids in removing dirt, oil, and grease
.Soil Release
aid in removing dirt, oil, and grease

30. Flame Retardant
resists burning
.Flame Retardant
resist burning

31. Dyeing changes color of finished product
can be done at fiber, yarn, and fabric stage
printing is done at fabric stage only
To give fabric the variety of color it needs it has to be dyed. This can be done at the fiber stage (only if synthetic), yarn stage, or fabric stage. If you want to create a design on the fabric by printing this can be done only after the fabric has been created and dyed (if necessary).

32. Care Labels Law Required - Fiber Content - Care Instructions
- Country of Origin
All fabric whether made into clothing or just wrapped on a bolt is required by law to have a care label. The care label has to have fiber content, and care instructions, and the country of origin.
Pictured: care instructions symbol sheet.

33. Care Requirement washing method drying method bleach type
iron temperature
Care Instructions are Required to give:
.Washing Method
.Water Temperature
.Drying Method
.Drying Temperature
.Bleach Type (or if useable)
.Iron Temperature (if useable)
Pictured: Washing machine, Dryer, Liquid bleach, Oxygen bleach, and Iron.