1. CHAPTER 22 Section 1 Terms, People, and Places
Otto von Bismarck
Chancellor
Realpolitik
Annex
Kaiser
Reich

2. Otto von Bismarck – Chancellor of Germany who delivered the “blood and iron” speech in 1862 setting the tone for his future policies. He was determined to build a strong, unified German state, with Prussia at its head.
Chancellor – The highest official of a monarch, prime minister.
Realpolitik – Realistic politics based on the needs of the state.
Annex – Add a territory to an existing state or country.
Kaiser – Emperor of Germany
Reich – German Empire

3. CHAPTER 22 Section 2 Terms, People, and Places
Kulturkampf
William II
Social Welfare

4. Kulturkampf – Bismarck’s “battle for civilization,” intended to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above their allegiance to the Church.
William II – In 1888 he succeeded his grandfather as kaiser. Confident in his abilities and wished to put his own stamp on Germany. In 1890, he shocked Europe by asking the dominating Bismarck to resign.
Social Welfare – Programs to help certain groups of people.

5. CHAPTER 21 Section 3 Terms, People, and Places
Camillo Cavour
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Anarchist
Emigration

6. Camillo Cavour – In Germany, unification was brought about by the efforts of a strong state and furthered by this shrewd ruthless politician, Count Camillo Cavour. Became Prime Minister in He was a monarchist who believed in Realpolitik.
Giuseppe Garibaldi – A longtime nationalist and an ally of Mazzini. Wanted to create an Italian republic. By 1860, he recruited a force of 1,000 red-shirted volunteers. They won control of Sicily quickly.
Anarchist – Someone who wants to abolish all government.
Emigration – Movement away from one’s homeland.

7. CHAPTER 21 Section 4 Terms, People, and Places
Francis Joseph
Ferenc Deak
Dual Monarchy

8. Francis Joseph – inherited the Hapsburg throne at the age of 18
Francis Joseph – inherited the Hapsburg throne at the age of 18. He ruled until 1916, presiding over the empire during its fading days into WWI.
Ferenc Deak – A moderate Hungarian leader who helped work out a compromise that created a new political power known as the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
Dual Monarchy – The Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.

9. CHAPTER 21 Section 5 Terms, People, and Places
Colossus
Alexander II
Crimean War
Emancipation
Zemstvo
Pogrom
Refugees
Duma
Peter Stolypin

10. Colossus – Giant
Alexander II – Came to throne in 1855 during the Crimean War. His reign represents the pattern of reform and repression used by his father and grandfather, Alexander I and Nicholas I.
Crimean War – War fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula between the Russians and the British, French, and Turks from
Emancipation – Granting of freedom to serfs or slaves.
Zemstvos – Local elected assembly set up in Russia under Alexander II.
Pogrom – Violent attack on a Jewish Community.

11. Refugees – A person who flees from home or country to seek refuge elsewhere, often because of political upheaval or famine.
Duma – Elected national legislature in Russia.
Peter Stolypin – In 1906 was appointed prime minister. Arrests, pogroms, and executions followed as the conservative sought to restore order. He soon realized that Russia needed reform, not just repression. He strengthened the zemstvos and improved education. To regain peasant support, he introduced moderate land reforms. Unfortunately, these reforms were too limited to meet the broad needs of most Russians, and dissatisfaction still simmered. He was assassinated in