1. The more we are together …
Tor Nørretranders
Codegarden 18
DOK5000, Odense,
May 14, 2018

2. A poster

4. The more we are together
the happier we shall be
For your friends are my friends
and my friends are your friends

5. Metcalfe’s law
≈ 1980

6. Value of network to each user ≈ number of users squared

7. Telephone >< Tesla

8. Laws of nature

9. Open Source

10. Web 2.0

11. Singapore
1949

12. Derek de Solla Price

13. Derek de Solla Price Raffles College Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London
- unbuilt library
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London
s calf-bound

17. 1965

19. Science Citation Index
Eugene Garfield/ISI 1960ies:
Science Citation Index

20. Who cites a particular paper?
Eugene Garfield/ISI 1960ies:
Science Citation Index
Who cites a particular paper?

21. Derek J. de Solla Price:
Networks of Scientific Papers
Science 149, , 1965

22. Recognition by citation

23. Number of citations proportional with intersubjective measures
Jonathan Cole & Stephen Cole 1973:
Number of citations proportional with intersubjective measures
of quality

24. Recognition by citation
P2P ≠ HQ

25. Danish science: The unexpected elite
Science Policy Research Unit, Univ. Sussex 1985
Børsens Nyhedsmagasin DK #3
Danmarks Radio TV Not NBI

26. The fundamental
principle at work
in the scientific
community

27. Gift-giving

28. The Scientific Community, 1965
Information
Recognition
Warren O. Hagstrom
The Scientific Community, 1965

29. Gift-giving
≠ commodity exchange

30. the organising principle in science
Gift-giving
the organising principle in science

31. Paris
1924

32. Marcel Mauss
Marcel Mauss

33. sociétés primitives
Marcel Mauss
Marcel Mauss
The Gift
Essai sur le don
Forme et raison de
l’échange dans les
sociétés primitives

34. Hau - spirit of the gift In gift giving the relationship
does not terminate
as in commodity exchange.
Gifts build relationships.
Gifts build societies.

35. Market economy?

36. A market economy with pockets of gift economy family neighbourhood
networks
colleagues
‘black economy’

37. end up in the gift economy
50% of human production
end up in the gift economy
Never becomes a commodity or service,
there is no wages involved.
50% in the market economy:
commodity, services, etc.
Wilfred Dolfsma ref. UNDP: Human Development Report 1995

38. The Scientific Community, 1965
Information
Recognition
Warren O. Hagstrom
The Scientific Community, 1965

39. Generosity
Relationships

40. And in the end the love you take is equal to the love you make.
The Beatles:
“The End”
Abbey Road

41. Santa Monica
1959

42. Paul Baran

43. Paul Baran
Rand Corporation 1959
What is most important?

44. Paul Baran: On Distributed Communications, RM-3420-PR, RAND Corporation, August 1964

46. Exit HQ

47. Bottom-up

48. Arpanet => Internet
US military 1969, 1973:
Arpanet => Internet
Origin outside the market
=> gift economy

49. Arpanet => Internet
US military 1969, 1973:
Arpanet => Internet
Origin outside the market
=> gift economy

50. Tim Berners-Lee
CERN, 1990
WWW =
hypertekst + internet

51. Tim Berners-Lee
CERN*, 1990
WWW =
hypertekst + internet
* civilian!!

52. (Yahaoo, AltaVista, Lycos …)
Seach engines ult. 1990’ies
(Yahaoo, AltaVista, Lycos …)
Huge amount of hits
No order …

53. Palo Alto
1995

54. Sergey Brin & Larry Page

55. 1998

56. Based on Sociology of science: Number of links indicate quality.
Web-pages with links
as a gigantic graph.
Based on Sociology of science:
Number of links indicate quality.
Algorithm for PageRank.

57. Usefulness =
number of citations
~ number of links

58. Google

59. Google business model 2001:
Intelligent advertising
based on expressed intention.
P2P, Web 2.0, bottom-up
Folksonomi vs. taxonomi

60. The gift economy conquers the market economy Google seeks to mediate
the global BNP

61. Web 2.0
Tim O’Reilly

62. Palo Alto
1990

63. W. Brian Arthur

64. Increasing returns
W. Brian Arthur, 1990

65. The winner takes it all
Abba, 1980

66. Google, Amazon, Apple, Facebook
New monopolies
Google, Amazon, Apple, Facebook

67. Hero
=>
evil guy

68. New HQ’s
P2P is losing

69. have ruined universities
The metric
have ruined universities

70. Bibliometry became
a tool for repression

71. Will the metric
ruin Web 2.0?

72. Algoritms … !

73. Digital addiction

74. Umbraco?

75. The more we are together?

76. The more we
get together

77. The more
we get together
the happier we’ll be

78. Dunbar’s number

79. Robin Dunbar

80. The best thing …
The worst thing …
Howard Rheingold

81. 150

83. Get together

84. … in real life

85. Face-to-face

86. F2F
P2P

87. Go to
Codegarden