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THE WATER CYCLE
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CONCEPTS COVERED IN THIS LESSON:
1) The Importance of Water Earth’s water distribution Water within living things 2) The Water Cycle Components: water vapor, icebergs, glaciers, aquifers Processes: evaporation, freezing, melting, sublimation, deposition, condensation, precipitation, percolation, run-off, transpiration
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_________ which are found in
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER ______ of the Earth’s surface is covered in _____. 70% water Earth’s aquatic ecosystems contain _____biomass (living mass) than its terrestrial ecosystems. more Why? Phytoplankton! Phytoplankton are microscopic _________ which are found in huge numbers in the oceans. producers They make more than ___% of the Earth’s ______ gas 50 and form the foundation of ______ food webs and ecosystems. oxygen marine
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EARTH'S WATER DISTRIBUTION
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER EARTH'S WATER DISTRIBUTION ___% is salt water 97 ___% is fresh water 3 (Most is frozen so it is ________ unless it _____.) unusable melts ___% of fresh water is easily available for use as ground water and surface water. <1
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THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER
WATER WITHIN LIVING THINGS ___% 66 ___% 80 ___% 95 human potato tomato The majority of living things are made up mostly of _____. water The water is necessary to help organisms ________ substances within themselves and between themselves and the outside environment. transport
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
Label the components of your diagram. sun clouds water vapor plants What is water vapor? lake, river land glacier, iceberg sea, ocean aquifer Let us have a CLOSER LOOK at some of these components.
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
WATER VAPOR Water vapor is water in its ___ state. gas In this state, water can travel through the __________. atmosphere
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds water vapor plants lake, river land sea, ocean glacier, iceberg aquifer What is a glacier? What is an iceberg? Let us have a CLOSER LOOK at some of these components.
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
GLACIERS A glacier is a large _________ body of ice on ____ persistent land that forms when the forces that _____ it (like melting) do not exceed the forces that _____ it (like precipitation) erode create over a long period of time (e.g. centuries). Moreno Glacier in Argentina
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
GLACIERS However, many of our glaciers and icecaps have undergone a drastic ________ over the last few decades due to _____________. reduction climate change We learned about this not too long ago. Muir Glacier in Alaska
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Where is the rest of the iceberg?
THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM ICEBERGS An iceberg is a large piece of ____________ ice. freely floating Often they break off from the main part of a ______ glacier when the glacier _____ and cracks. melts Where is the rest of the iceberg?
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
ICEBERGS That is a long way to jump… Most of an iceberg is below the water! …but wait, it could have been worse.
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FUN! THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM ICEBERGS
When it gets colder the water between the icebergs _____ creating ___________. freeze land bridges FUN!
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds water vapor plants lake, river land glacier, iceberg sea, ocean aquifer What is an aquifer? Let us have a CLOSER LOOK at some of these components.
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How can this water be obtained?
THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM AQUIFER How can this water be obtained? An aquifer is a large underground _______ (storage area) for ____ water. reservoir fresh
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
AQUIFER Aquifers can be accessed by making water pumps. Aquifers can be accessed by making wells.
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
Draw in the arrows, and label and define the processes of the water cycle in your chart. sun clouds water vapor plants evaporation lake, river land glacier, iceberg aquifer sea, ocean Now we will examine the processes that TRANSPORT water from one component to the next around the water cycle.
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
EVAPORATION Evaporation occurs when water goes from a _____ to a ___ state to form __________. liquid gas water vapor
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds water vapor plants evaporation lake, river land melting glacier, iceberg aquifer sea, ocean freezing
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
MELTING and FREEZING Freezing converts water from the _____ state to the ____ state. Instantly Frozen – TRY THIS! liquid solid Time Lapse of the Arctic Ice Cap Melting Melting converts water from the ____ state to the _____ state. solid liquid
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds sublimation water vapor plants deposition evaporation lake, river land melting glacier, iceberg aquifer sea, ocean freezing
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
SUBLIMATION and DEPOSITION Does hanging wet laundry outside in the winter make sense? What is strange about this picture? First the liquid water in the clothes freezes into a solid, then... …the solid water converts directly to a gas and goes into the air. Besides through melting, sublimation is another(but more minor) way that glaciers can shrink in size. Sublimation converts water from the ____ state to the ___ state. solid gas
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SUBLIMATION and DEPOSITION Is there a process that reverses this?
THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM SUBLIMATION and DEPOSITION Does hanging wet laundry outside in the winter make sense? Is there a process that reverses this? Of Course! Deposition converts water from the ___ state to the ____ state. gas solid Sublimation converts water from the ____ state to the ___ state. solid gas
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds condensation sublimation water vapor plants deposition evaporation lake, river land melting glacier, iceberg aquifer sea, ocean freezing
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but not in the summer time?
THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM CONDENSATION Why can you see your breath in the winter time but not in the summer time? Condensation converts water in its ___ state (water vapor) into its _____ state. gas liquid This usually occurs when the vapor is in contact with ____ air cold (or a cold surface) causing the vapor to ______ into ______ liquid droplets. gather visible
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds condensation sublimation water vapor plants transpiration deposition evaporation lake, river land melting glacier, iceberg aquifer sea, ocean freezing
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
TRANSPIRATION Why is there water vapor on the inside of this bag? Transpiration is the ______ of water vapor from the surface of _____. release The water transpired from the leaves, then it condensed on the inside surface of the bag. plants
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What is creating the clouds?
THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM TRANSPIRATION What is creating the clouds? The transpired water vapor from the trees creates clouds in this cloud forest. How would the loss of trees affect the water cycle in this cloud forest? The loss of trees would lead to less transpiration, less clouds and less rain.
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds condensation precipitation sublimation water vapor plants transpiration deposition evaporation lake, river land melting glacier, iceberg aquifer sea, ocean freezing
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snow rain hail sleet THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM PRECIPITATION
Guess these types of precipitation. snow rain hail sleet Big Hail!
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snow hail sleet THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM PRECIPITATION
Precipitation occurs when small water _______ in a cloud ______ together to form rain, snow, sleet or hail snow droplets gather which is _____ enough to fall to the Earth. heavy hail sleet Big Hail!
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds condensation precipitation sublimation water vapor plants transpiration deposition evaporation lake, river percolation melting glacier, iceberg land aquifer sea, ocean freezing
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
PERCOLATION Hot water is pulled through the coffee grinds due to gravity. Percolation in the water cycle occurs when water is being ________________ by gravity through the layers of ___. pulled downwards soil How would deforestation affect percolation? Without plant roots to suck up and hold onto the water, the speed of percolation increases. (This will lead to the removal of nutrients from the upper soil layers which makes it difficult for plants to regrow.)
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds condensation precipitation sublimation water vapor plants transpiration deposition run-off evaporation lake, river percolation melting glacier, iceberg land aquifer sea, ocean freezing
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Water contamination with industrial or agricultural pollutants.
THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM RUN-OFF Run-off occurs when _____ rain water or melt water cannot be absorbed by the soil, excess Soil erosion. and so it _________ on the surface or drains into waterways. overflows Water contamination with industrial or agricultural pollutants. What are the negative effects of run-off? Local flooding.
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THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
sun clouds condensation precipitation sublimation water vapor plants transpiration deposition run-off evaporation lake, river percolation melting glacier, iceberg land aquifer sea, ocean freezing The Magic School Bus – The Water Cycle PART 1 The Magic School Bus – The Water Cycle PART 2
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Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science
Copyright © April 2013 Anh-Thi Tang (a.k.a. Tangstar Science) All rights reserved by author. This document is for personal classroom use only. This entire document, or any parts within, may not be electronically distributed or posted to any website.
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