1. Compounds And Elements

2. Matter: anything that takes up space & has a mass Ex. a desk Ex. pizza
Ex. silver necklace
Ex. oxygen

3. Hetero-geneous Mixture
Classification:
Everything in the world that has a mass is called “matter”
Matter can be classified as:
Matter
Pure Substance
Mixture
Element Ex. gold
Compound Ex. water
Hetero-geneous Mixture
Homo-geneous Mixture

4. Pure Substance: Mixture:
composed of a single substance with the same properties throughout
Ex. water
Ex. table salt
Mixture:
combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined (mixed)
Easily separated
Ex. fruit salad
Ex. sugar in coffee

5. A pure substance can be further broken down into an element or a compound……
Elements:
simplest form of matter
cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substance
Ex. Oxygen
Ex. Aluminum
Ex. Gold
Ex. Copper

6. Recall, a pure substance can be further broken down into an element or a compound
Compounds:
substance made of two or more elements
can be separated into simpler substance
Ex. Water (H2O)
Ex. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Ex. Sugar (C6H12O6)
Ex. Salt (NaCl)

7. Element Compound Ex. oxygen & hydrogen Ex. water (H2O) NOTE:
With chemical reactions you can go from an element to compound & vise versa!!!
Element
Compound
Ex. oxygen & hydrogen
Ex. water (H2O) O O H H H H

8. State whether the following are examples of an element or a compound.
A gold ring
element
Rust (Fe2O3)
compound
Carbon monoxide (CO)
compound
Aluminum Foil
element
element
Calcium

9. Ex #2
State whether the following are examples of an element or a compound or a mixture
A blueberry muffin
mixture
Chunky Soup
mixture
Salt (NaCl)
compound
Helium
element
compound
Water (H2O)

10. Ex #3
State whether the following pictures represent an element or a compound or a mixture
Compound
Compound
Element
Mixture

11. Which statement best describes a compound.
Ex #4
Which statement best describes a compound.
A) A pure substance that has a high melting point.
B) A mixture that is formed by two or more elements.
C ) A pure substance that is formed by two or more elements.

12. The Molecule Individual atoms can combine to form molecules.
A molecule is a group of two or more chemically bonded atoms.
A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound.
Eg: H2O, CO2, C6H12O6

13. Molecules: Why? Recall elements can combine to form compounds
But when atoms combine, they do so in specific ratios
For example:
Water, H2O
Combines 2 Hydrogens for every 1 Oxygen
Why?

14. This is called the Octet Rule
Molecules:
An atom wants to be stable
To be stable, an atom must have a full outer electron shell (8 electrons)
This is called the Octet Rule
Atoms combine together, forming bonds, to fill their outer electron shell

15. Atoms combine to obtain a complete outer electron shell (8 valence electrons)
Metals tend to lose electrons to achieve this and non-metals tend to gain electrons

16. IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA Li Be B C N O F Ne 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Group
Number IA
IIA
IIIA
IVA VA
VIA
VIIA
VIIIA
Example Li Be B C N O F Ne
Valence electrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tendency
Lose 1e-
Lose 2e-
Lose 3e-
Gain or lose 4e-
Gain 3e-
Gain 2e-
Gain 1e-
None (stable)