1. KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

2. DNA is composed of four types of nucleotides.
DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide has three parts.
a phosphate group
a deoxyribose sugar
a nitrogen-containing base
phosphate group
deoxyribose (sugar)
nitrogen-containing
base

3. The nitrogen containing bases are the only difference in the four nucleotides.

4. Watson and Crick determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA by building models.
They realized that DNA is a double helix that is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside with the bases on the inside.

5. Watson and Crick’s discovery built on the work of Rosalind Franklin and Erwin Chargaff.
Franklin’s x-ray images suggested that DNA was a double helix of even width.
Chargaff’s rules stated that A=T and C=G.

6. Nucleotides always pair in the same way.
The base-pairing rules show how nucleotides always pair up in DNA.
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
Because a pyrimidine (single ring) pairs with a purine (double ring), the helix has a uniform width. C G T A

7. The backbone is connected by covalent bonds.
The bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.
hydrogen bond
covalent bond

8. Video clip DNA Structure

9. The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen-containing bases
Phosphate groups
Ring-shaped sugars

10. After examining the DNA of different organisms, which of the following did Erwin Chargaff conclude about the four bases?
A=T and C=G
A=C=G=T
A=C and G=T
A+T=C+G

11. Which of the following DNA sequences is complimentary to the base sequence ACCGTAT?
GTTACGC
UCCGTAT
TGGCATA
CAATGCG

12. Combining the work of other scientists with their own research, Watson and Crick discovered that two strands of DNA join together to form a(n)
Nucleotide
X in a circle
Double helix
Covalent bond

13. What holds base pairs together?
Hydrogen bonds
Sugar-phosphate backbones
Pairs of double-ringed nucleotides
Nitrogen-carbon bonds