1. Canadian history

2. North America – before 1850
Aboriginals were the first people to live in North America (NA)
French & English explorers came to claim lands. They met the Aboriginals and began to trade with them.
French and English settlers married Aboriginal women and had children. They were known at Metis.
Both the French and English wanted the same land and began to fight over it. Aboriginals helped these new settlers and were involved in many wars.
At the end of the Seven Years War (1763) France had to give all its land in NA to Britain. Now Britain controlled most of NA.
Insert a map of your country.

3. Britain vs. america
British settlers living in the southeastern part of NA did not like how Britain was treating them.
In 1776, they began a war with Britain for their independence.
1765 – 1783 American Revolution
They won the war and created what is now the United States of America.
Britain lost most of its land. The land they kept was called British North America (BNA)
The Americans forced any British (English) loyalists to leave and they moved to BNA.

5. British north america (BNA)
Britain ruled BNA.
The French and Aboriginals became afraid of losing their land and way of living as more English people started arriving.
Aboriginals were given special lands set aside for them.
People wanted change!

6. History of canada Significant events that led up to 1850
Constitution Act
War of 1812
Great Migration
Rebellions
Act of Union
Corn Laws
Government
1791
1812
1837
1841
1846
1849
Creates Upper Canada and Lower Canada
US tries to take British North America
Many people start to migrate (move) to British North America
Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada
Upper and Lower Canada become a united Province of Canada
Britain takes away corn laws
United Province of Canada gets responsible government
Add key points in the history of your country to the timeline.

7. The great migration
Between , many more English-speaking people came to live here. Tens of thousands from Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales.
African American slaves came from the United States.
These new immigrants added their language, customs and beliefs to the Aboriginal peoples and French and British settlers already living here.
Migration = movement from one place to another
Since so many people came to British North America during this time, it is called The Great Migration.

8. The Irish Potato famine
The Irish were the largest group of immigrants – escaping hunger.
In 1845 a disease destroyed most of the potatoes in Ireland (the poor Irish ate potatoes as their main meal)
Thousands of poor Irish began dying of hunger due to famine.
Many left on crowded ships to have a better life in BNA.
So many people died from the horrible conditions on the ships and many were put into quarantine when they reached BNA.

10. African slaves
In the 1700’s, slave traders brought Africans to America to work as slaves in the cotton fields.
United States became a country in 1776 and the southern states still needed slaves but the northern states thought slavery was evil.
A special group wanted to abolish slavery – called abolitionists
They tried to help slaves escape to the Province of Canada (BNA) to allow them freedom.
Underground Railroad

12. Colonies in british north america
Before Confederation, BNA had 6 different colonies and other areas that were ALL under control of the British government.
These colonies and areas were divided into 5 regions based on similar geography, people and activities.
Atlantic
Central
Prairie
Pacific
The North

13. Atlantic Colonies Newfoundland Nova Scotia New Brunswick P.E.I.
Mostly English/Irish immigrants
Fishermen, whale/seal hunting/shipbuilding
Traded with Britain – NO trade with other colonies
Nova Scotia
Mostly Scottish
French speaking people called Acadians
Aboriginals
Shipbuilding/forestry/coal/farming
Traded with Britain/Europe – LITTLE trade with BNA colonies
New Brunswick
British Loyalists/ some French / Aboriginal people
Forestry/shipbuilding/fishing/farming
Traded with Britain, USA – LITTLE with BNA colonies
P.E.I.
Mostly Scottish/British
Could not own land/paid rent
Farming/fishing
Exported to Atlantic colonies/USA

14. Central canada – the United Province of Canada
Canada east (quebec)
Canada west (Ontario)
Mostly French Canadian & Roman Catholic / British & Irish in Montreal and East / Aboriginal people
George Etienne Cartier – leader in Legislative Assembly (law making)
Farming/forestry/manufacturing iron & steel
Mostly English Protestants / some Irish Protestants that hated Roman Catholics / Aboriginal people / African Americans from USA
Some Aboriginal people living on special land called reservations
John A. Macdonald leader in Legislative Assembly
Farming/timber/manufacturing/ trade

16. The North and the prairies
Rupert’s Land – name given to land that had rivers which flowed into Hudson’s Bay
Controlled Hudson’s Bay Company
Had monopoly to trade with Aboriginal people
Many trading posts
Red River Settlement
Many different groups living here – Metis/Aboriginals/Scottish settlers/French fur traders/Romans Catholic missionaries
Northwest Territories
Inuit lived far north – no trees, just tundra. Aboriginal lived further south – many trees and hunted caribou

17. The pacific coast British Columbia & Vancouver Island
Aboriginal people/British workers for the HBC / American miners / cowboys / Chinese men escaping war in China
1858 – Gold discovered in Fraser River Canyons (30,000 miners went to BC – many Americans)
Americans didn’t want to listen to British laws – wanted to take BC

18. vocabulary Aboriginal people Trade British Loyalists Metis Migration
Famine
Quarantine
Slaves
Abolitionists
Underground Railroad

19. What led to confederation?

20. What is confederation? Why did some people in BNA want Confederation?
Why were some people in BNA are against Confederation?
What events led to Confederation?
Who were the fathers of Confederation?

21. COnfederation
An organization that consists of a number of groups united in an alliance.
In 1867 four groups/provinces united to become a country – Canada

22. For confederation? Would help solve problems
Province of Canada could not pass laws because of Political Deadlock
To defend against the USA taking their land
Improve trade between USA and BNA
Build a railway from Atlantic to Pacific
To become more independent from Britain

23. Against confederation?
Would create problems instead of solving them
Things were fine the way they were
A central government might take away each province’s power
French Canadians might lose their language and culture in a country with English-speaking majority
A united Canada might lose its ties with Britain
Might be more taxes to pay for the new railway
Might be more tariffs on imports – more expensive to buy things

24. Events that led to confederation and the creation of the dominion of canada
Manifest Destiny
Civil war
Political Deadlock
The Fenian Raids
The Indian Act
Reciprocity Treaty
Charlottetown / Quebec / London Conferences (Include the Fathers of Confederation)
Intercolonial Railway

25. Your assignment… In small groups, select one reason for Confederation
Research your reason and create a short presentation for your peers
Create a handout with the important information about your reason that your peers can study from (There will be a test)
Fill in the blanks
Crossword puzzle (not word search)
Quiz
Be CREATIVE!