1. How did William maintain royal control?
Starter: Identify three ways in which the Normans changed land ownership in England.
Stretch: Explain why the peasants would not be happy with their new Norman lords.

2. Excellent military leader (proven in Normandy and at Hastings)
Ruthless leader (shown in Alençon 1050s, Harrying of North)
Supported by God (Papal banner, luck during conquest of England)
Supported by God (Papal banner, luck during conquest of England)
Respected by many Anglo-Saxons but had to be recognised as the legitimate ruler!

3. Relied heavily on royal ceremonies to show that he was the legal king.
At his coronation he was anointed with sacred oil which meant he was appointing by God. He was also given the crown jewels.
Decided he would be seen with his crown jewels three times a year at a meeting with his Witan.
He would meet Christmas, New Years Day and Easter at Winchester, Westminister and Gloucester.

5. Greeting the people
The use of coinage and writs
How did William maintain power?
Oath-taking ceremonies
Running the land

6. William had laid waste to plenty of English towns and villages before Was the Harrying of the North any different? Explain your point.
Target 3, 4 & 5 - Describe two key features of William’s land changes after (4 marks)
Target 6, 7, 8 & 9 - Explain how changes in land ownership made Anglo-Saxon rebellion less likely to happen. (12 marks)