1. Tuesday
NOTES: Translation

2. (1) Translation
Purpose: Use instructions copied onto mRNA to make Protein.
Where: Cytoplasm
“Players”:
mRNA
rRNA + Ribosome
tRNA
Amino Acids

4. (2) Translation Steps
mRNA connects with rRNA + Ribosome at “Start Codon”.
tRNA transfers in specific amino acids.
tRNA anticodons match up with mRNA codons.
Amino Acids are bonded to form Polypeptide (Protein).
*All of this moves through the Ribosomal Unit!
The End Result:
1 Polypeptide (Protein)

6. (3) Codons & Anticodons Codons: Anticodons: mRNA
Every 3 nitrogenous bases = 1 Codon
1 Codon  1 Anticodon  1 specific amino acid
Anticodons:
tRNA
There is 1 tRNA for each type of amino acid.
tRNA anticodon matches w/mRNA codon.

9. (4) Start & Stop Start Codon = AUG (Methionine)
3 base sequence
Bonds w/ribosomal unit and tRNA
Must be present to start translation!
Stop Codon = UAA, UAG, UGA, UGG
Signals tRNA to stop transferring amino acids
Necessary to complete protein!

10. How do I figure out the amino acid sequence, using mRNA?
(5) Codons  Amino Acids
How do I figure out the amino acid sequence, using mRNA?
Know the mRNA codon. Example: AUG
Work from Inside  Out on “Chart”.
Find the name of the Amino Acid! Example: AUG = Met or Methionine

12. (6) 1 Gene = 1 Polypeptide Discovered by Tatum.
Gene = Specific DNA Sequence
1 Specific DNA Sequence produces 1 Polypeptide (Protein).

14. Original DNA Sequence: TAC—AAG—GGT—GTC—ATC
(7) EXAMPLE
Original DNA Sequence: TAC—AAG—GGT—GTC—ATC
What would the complimentary DNA strand be?
What would the complimentary mRNA strand be?
What would be the amino acid sequence?
What would be the complimentary tRNA anticodon sequence?