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Lirazan, Lauren Anais M. Division of Biological Sciences

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1 Biodiverisity of culturable endophytic fungi isolated from 4 mangrove species
Lirazan, Lauren Anais M. Division of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences UP Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo

2 INTRODUCTION

3 Background of the Study
“endophyte” (1866) by De Barry any organism living within a plant that infects it without causing observable symptoms of disease (Humeera et al., 2015) Fungi plant-like organisms without chlorophyll Background of the Study

4 Symbiotic relationship between host plant and fungi
Endophyte + Fungi Symbiotic relationship between host plant and fungi Symbiosis is the living together of dissimilar organisms

5 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Endophytes have been found in all plants studied for their presence. Endophytic fungi may be diverse on a small scale (Stone et al., 2004).

6 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
more species remain unscreened for their endophytic communities studies regarding the endophyte biodiversity of Philippine plant species are rare absence and deficiency of basic taxonomic information is a major obstacle to ecological studies of endophytic fungi

7 OBJECTIVES General study the endophyte assemblages from leaves of four mangrove species along Iloilo River

8 OBJECTIVES Specific Isolate the endophytic fungi present in the selected mangrove species Determine the species richness of endophytic fungi of the targeted mangrove species Identify the dominant endophytic fungal taxa

9 Significance of the Study
Studies on endophytic fungi are expected to harbour species that have not been identified in the past. Significance of the Study

10 Significance of the Study
Fungal endophytes may be the source of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds Significance of the Study

11 of prescription drugs are based on secondary metabolites
40% of prescription drugs are based on secondary metabolites

12 Significance of the Study
Penicillium notatum (1928) by Sir Alexander Fleming taxol from Taxomyces andreanae Significance of the Study

13 Significance of the Study
Many plant species remain unexamined for their endophyte assemblages and the potential of these fungi remain untapped Significance of the Study

14 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS Precise periodic sampling will not be conducted
Isolation procedures allow that only fungal species that can survive on PDA will be isolated Identification of isolates will be morphological alone and further characterization of isolated cannot be conducted

15 METHODOLOGY

16 Iloilo River Estuary From Oton to Iloilo Straight

17 Iloilo River Estuary From Oton to Iloilo Straight

18 PROPOSED PROCEDURE Four mangrove species were selected:
Avicennia rumphiana Acanthus ebracteatus Acanthus volublis Sycphiphora hydrophyllacea

19 PROPOSED PROCEDURE Sample Processing and Sterilization Sterilization
Three healthy leaves per species Three segments per leaf Sterilization submersion in distilled water for 1 minute, Zonrox for 2 minutes then allowed to dry

20 PROPOSED PROCEDURE Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) + Antibacterial Penicillin Incubation 25°C and checked occasionally for significant growth from the leaf segment

21 Data Analysis

22 Jaccard Similarty Coefficient
𝐽= 𝐶 𝐴+𝐵−𝐶 Jaccard Similarty Coefficient where A and B are the total number of fungal species isolated from any two hosts and C the number of fungal species found in common Similarity between data sets (Suryanarayanan and Kumaresan, 2000; Ventachatalam et al., 2014)

23 𝐶𝑅= 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑖 ×100
Colonization Rate (Sunayana N, et al., 2014)

24 Margalef’s richness index
𝑀= 𝑆−1 ln⁡(𝑛) Margalef’s richness index evenness with which individuals are divided among the taxa present (Suryanarayanan and Kumaresan, 2000)

25 REFERENCES Ananda K, Sridhar KR Diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots of mangrove species on the west coast of India. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48(10): Aseer M, Tsegaye T, Zerihun Z, Gemechu A, Behailu M, Shiju EJ Evaluating the antibacterial and anticandidal potency of mangrove Avicennia marina. Babu A, Asok AK, Jisha MS Bioactive metabolite from Aphyllophorales sp. an endophytic fungus isolated from Breguiera Cylindrica. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment & Biotechnology 6 (Special Issue): Bai ZQ, Lin X, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Yang B, Liu J, Yang X, Wang Y, Liu Y New phenyl derivatives from endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavipes AIL8 derived of mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius. Fitoterapia 95: Bezerra JDP, Santos MGS, Svedese VM, Lima DMM, Fernandes MJS, Paiva LM, Souza-Motta CM Richness of endophytic fungi isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. (Cactaceae) and preliminary screening for enzyme production. Microbiology Biotechnology 28: Calcul L, Water man C, Ma WS, Lebar MD, Harter C, Mutka T, Morton L, Maignan P, Olphen AV, Kyle DE, Vrijmoed L, Pang KL, Pearce C, Baker BJ Screening mangrove endophytic fungi for antimalarial natural products. Marine Drugs 11:

26 REFERENCES Hazalin NAMN, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Cole ALJ, Majeed ABA Induction of apoptosis against cancer cell lines by four ascomycetes (endophytes) from Malaysian rainforest. Phytomedicine 19: Hemphill CFP, Daletos G, Liu Z, Lin W, Proksch P Polyketides and the mangrove-derived fungal endophyte Pestalotiopsos clavispora. Tetrahedron Letters 57: Luo YF, Zhang M, Dai JG, Pedpradab P, Wang WJ, Wu J Cytochalasins from mangrove endophytic fungi Phomopsis spp. Xy21 and xy22. Phytochemistry Letters 17: Narendran R, Kathiresan K Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from Mangrove-derived Thrichoderma species against human and fish pathogens. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 6: Sebastianes FLS, Romao-Dumaresq AS, Lacava PT, Harakava R, Azevedo JL, de Melo IS, Pizzirani-Kleiner AA Species diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from Brazilian mangrove forests. Current Genetics 59: Sheng-Liang Z, Shu-Zhen Y, Zhen-Ying W, Shuang-Lin C Endophytic fungi associated with Macrosolen tricolor and its host Camellia oleifera . Microbiology Biotechnology 30 : Suryanarayanan TS, Kumaresan V, Johnson JA Foliar fungal endophytes from two species of the mangrove Rhizophora. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44(10):

27 REFERENCES Suryanarayanan TS, Thirunavukkarasu N, Govinadarajulu MB, Sasse F, Jansen R, Murali TS Fungal endophytes and bioprospecting. Fugal Biology Reviews 23: Suryanarayanan, TS Endophyte research: going beyond isolation and metabolite documentation. Fungal Ecology 6: Suryanaryanan TS, Kumaresan V Endophytic fungi of some halophytes from an estuarine mangrove forest. Mycological Research 104 (12): Thongsandee W, Matsuda Y, Ito S Temporal variation in endophytic fungal assemblages of Ginko biloba L. Journal of Forest Research 17: Ventachatalam A, Thirunavukkarasu N, Suryanaryanan TS Distribution and diversity of endophytes in seagrasses. Fungal Ecology 13:60-65. Xing X, Guo S Fungal endophyte communities in four Rhizophoraceae mangrove species on the south coast of China. Ecological Research 26: Xing XK, Chen J, Xu MJ, Lin WH, Guo SX Fungal endophytes associated with Sonneratia (Sonneratiaceae) mangrove plants on the sourth coast of China. Forest Pathology 41:

28 Thank you


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