1. …in Structure and Function
Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact
…in Structure and Function

2. Essential Knoweledge
Essential knowledge 4.C.1: Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.

3. Diversity in structures increases flexibility
Allows organisms to survive diff. challenges

4. Diversity in Macromolecules
More types of macromolecules = more possible functions

5. Making of Diversity?
Having different genes

6. Having Different Genes, MHC Markers
Organ Transplant
Video Clip!

7. 2) RNA splicing / modifications
Making of Diversity?
2) RNA splicing / modifications

8. Making of Diversity?
3) Post-translational protein modifications: protein gets add’nl biochemical molecules on it (lipids, carbs) or structural changes (disulfide bridges w/ tertiary structure)

9. Multiple copies of alleles or genes (gene duplication) may provide new phenotypes

10. Gene Duplication Genes can get copied
New copies may change and produce new proteins

11. May express both alleles which can have benefits
Ex: Heterozygotes
May express both alleles which can have benefits
Ex: In sickle cell- heterozygotes have some normal RBCs and some sickle cells

12. Example, Antifreeze Gene in Fish
Arctic cod: enzyme in cells called Sialic Acid Synthase
Through duplication and slight alterations it became a protein in blood that allows fish to swim in water below freezing point

13. More Protein Diversity than Gene Diversity