1. URBAN CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
Presented to ALGAF
By Daniel Tadesse
April, 2006
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

2. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
Topics/Contents:
BACKROUND
Historical Development
Types of Cadastre
Basic Components of Cadastre
URBAN CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
Historical
Current Status
EFFORTS MADE & PROBLEMS
CONCLUSION & SOME KEY ISSUES
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

3. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
BACKGROUND
A CADASTRE is:
An official public record usually maintained to register the ownership rights of land in a given jurisdiction. It records location, physical description, value, any improvement on the parcel, rights to the parcel (occupancy, ownership, right of way, etc) as well as the exact nature of these rights.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

4. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
BACKGROUND CONT…
HISTORICAL
There are twofold interests that initiated cadastre or land registration:
Owner of the land
The government
Evidences that confirm land registration activity since the early stage of human development:
The Holly Bible
Tombs in Ancient Egypt
The Romans
The activity of cadastre as a modern & systematic way emerged in Europe, Particularly France (the famous French cadastre by 1807).
Today in most of the developed world land related information serves different purpose with the use of advanced technology.
However, in most of the developing world it is difficult to find real cadastre or land registration system.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

5. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
BACKGROUND CONT…
TYPES OF CADASTRE
Cadastres can be divided into three types:
Fiscal
Legal and
Multipurpose cadastre
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

6. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
BACKGROUND CONT…
COMPONENTS OF CADASTRE
a) Land Registration
Every land administration system should include some sort of land registration,
Land registration provides safe and certain foundation of the acquisition, enjoyment and disposal of rights in land
The main purpose of registration is to keep records.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

7. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
BACKGROUND CONT…
b) Property Taxation
Agricultural Settlements
Valuation (Market, Income, Potential)
Basic Municipal Income
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

8. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
BACKGROUND CONT…
c) Cadastral Surveying & Mapping
Carried out for the purpose of providing information for the drawing of cadastral map.
Cadastral map refers to any map on scale large enough to show every field or plot of land and buildings.
Three sets of complimentary techniques of cadastral surveying are common: field/ground surveying, photogrametry, and remote sensing
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

9. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
a) Land Tenure & Registration
The Absence of Capital City until 1886 Prevented the Emergence of Property in Land
The 1907 First Land Related Proclamation Recognized Private Ownership
The 1931 & 1955 first & revised Constitutions further secured Citizens the Right to Keep the Land they Own
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

10. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
Land Tenure & Registration Cont…
■ PROC. No. 47/1975 Nationalized Urban Land & Extra Houses
Proclamation No. 80 of 1993 issued a Decree stating that all urban land is to be governed by the lease policy
Lease is being practiced almost in all urban centers
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

11. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
Land Tenure & Registration Cont..
Voluntary & Obligatory Registration Registrations of lands are of different type
▪ Registration of New Allocations
▪ Registration of Old Occupations
▪ Registration of Subdivision
▪ Registration of Transfers
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

12. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
b) Property Taxation
The 1907 Proclamation obliges every landholder to pay an annual tax of 5 per 1000 of the assessed value
Lack of cadastre makes Difficult Valuation
Land tax is paid based on the land area, location & land use
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

13. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
c) Surveying & Mapping
Since its establishment the EMA produces large scale aerial photographs ranging from 1:8000 to 1:20,000
For planning purpose it also provides maps on scales 1:2,000; 1:2,500; 1:5,000; and 1:10,000
Old and un updated aerial photographs & maps
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

14. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
EFFORTS SO FAR EXERTED
Cadastre System in Addis Ababa after the 1907 proclamation by technical assistance from France
Establishment of Multipurpose cadastre system project around 1995
Cadastre Projects in Four Regional Towns with a Technical Assistance of GTZ
Currently Federal Government Project.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

15. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
EFFORTS CONT…
However, all these efforts could not be Successful, because
 Less or no support from decision makers,
 Less or no adequate technical knowledge about cadastre,
 Institutional, legal and financial problems,
 Absence or weak central coordination,
 All the projects rushed to implementation without any project document,
 Absence or lack of appropriate trainings,
 Lack of qualified manpower, Poor or no quality control mechanism,
 Underutilization of modern instruments, and
 Lack of capacity or initiative to create awareness at all levels or for all stakeholders.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

16. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED
The main problems and reasons, which initiate the need for establishing a cadastral or land information system
a) Inadequate and incomplete transfer registration.
b) Considerable residents in urban areas lack title for their property.
c) Increasing land disputes.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

17. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
PROBLEMS CONT…
d) Problems identified in the process of assessment by the Municipality:
Absence of sufficient information for valuation
That there is no appealing procedure
There is no accountability or checking mechanisms
There is no specifically assigned and trained personnel
the whole procedure of assessment is free for back door dealings.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

18. Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse
PROBLEMS CONT…
e) Squatter settlements or illegal constructions are growing alarmingly
f) Due to lack of sufficient information, it is impossible to plan and implement development projects.
g) Inadequate revenue collection from land and building.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

19. Conclusion: Some Key Issues
The need for land information system has become an urgent necessity.
Many cities are currently considering GIS as a vital tool in their strategy to improve the quality and control of urban planning and management
Towns in our country would benefit a lot from establishing an evolutionary cadastral system.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

20. Conclusion: Some Key Issues
Decide which government organ and at which level is to be responsible. Because information concerning land is of common interest to various agencies.
Improve the institutional capacity of municipalities. Moreover, make sure that data collection is not an end by itself.
Introduce proper methods of valuation for properties.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

21. Conclusion: Some Key Issues
Make the public and other potential users of cadastral system aware of the purpose, benefits and obligatory procedures.
Consider the activity establishing the system as a process rather than an end by itself.
Cadastre and land registration require a proper legal basis.
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse

22. Urban Cadastre In Ethiopia
THANK YOU
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Urban Cadastre in Ethiopia, Daniel Tadesse