1. Deuterostomea Cephalochordata Echinodermata Hemichordata (acorn worms)
Animals - Ch 29, 30 & 31 p
Chordata
Vertebrata
Cephalochordata
(lancelets)
Urochordata
(tunicates)
Hemichordata
(acorn worms)
Echinodermata
sea urchins)
(sea stars,
Cranium,
vertebral
column
Deuterostome
ancestor
Notochord,
dorsal tubular nerve cord,
pharyngeal slits,
postanal tail

2. Phylum ECHINODERMATA class ASTEROIDEA – sea stars or “starfish”
class – OPHIUROIDEA – brittle stars
class – ECHINOIDEA – sea urchins, sand dollars, sea biscuits
class HOLOTHUROIDEA – sea cucumbers
class CRINOIDEA – sea lillies

3. Deuterostomea – Phylum - Echininodermata
Animals - Ch 29, 30 & 31 p
Deuterostomea – Phylum - Echininodermata
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
Crinoidea

4. Echinoderms – Hydraulic/water vascular system – locomotion, feeding
Animals - Ch 29, 30 & 31
p. 674.
Stomach
Digestive
gland
Ampulla
Gonad
Anus
Tube feet
Spine
Dermal gill
Pedicellariae
5 mm
Echinoderms – Hydraulic/water vascular system – locomotion, feeding
and gas exchange

5. Deuterostomea – Phylum – Chordata
Animals - Ch 29, 30 & 31 pp
Deuterostomea – Phylum – Chordata
Lancelet - Amphioxus sp.
Mouth
Brain
Dorsal, tubular
nerve cord
Notochord
Postanal tail
Muscular segments
Anus
Intestine
Pharyngeal
(gill) slits
Heart
Pharynx
Endostyle – Mucus secreting pharyngeal groove (thyroid is a derivative)
– Sixth chordate character

6. CHORDATA CLASSIFICATION
subphylum CEPHALOCHORDATA – lancelets
subphylum UROCHORDATA – tunicates and sea squirts
subphylum VERTEBRATA - vertebrates

7. Subphylum VERTEBRATA vertebral column cranium living endoskeleton
replaces the notochord in embryonic development as the primary skeletal support structure – consists of segmented cartilaginous or bony elements called vertebrae
cranium
cartilaginous or bony structure encloses the brain
living endoskeleton
pharyngeal slits become gill slits

8. Subphylum VERTEBRATA superclass PISCES
including jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish
superclass TETRAPODA – terrestrial vertebrates – 4 traditional classes
class AMPHIBIA – amphibians
the AMNIOTES – a monophyletic grouping
Class REPTILIA
Class AVES
Class MAMMALIA

9. Animals - Ch 29, 30 & 31
p. 679.

10. A jawless fish – the lamprey an ectoparasite on other fish
note the gill slits
gill slits

11. cartilaginous fish skeletion made of cartilage
note the visible gill slits
manta ray
shark
torpedo ray
stingray

12. bony fishes – 3 classes -note the gill slits are hidden
inside the orperculum, the gill opening
-they possess an ossified (bony) skeleton
a lungfish
the coelocanth
– a lobe-finned fish,
the group that includes the ancestor
of the tetrapods
perch
– a ray-finned fish

13. All terrestrial vertebrates belong to the monophyletic
grouping, the “tetrapoda” – fins are replaced by four limbs for walking
class AMPHIBIA
first tetrapods classified as amphibians
not completely terrestrial
eggs and tadpoles are aquatic
gills replaced by lungs in adults
frog eggs - aquatic
a salamander
– almost completely
terrestrial
amphiuma – completely aquatic
frogs –aquatic as tadpoles,
amphibious as adults

14. AMNIOTES – reptiles, birds, mammals – terrestrial vertebrates with extra membranes around the embryo – the amnion, chorion, shell membrane, and shell – allows eggs to be laid on land

15. Class REPTILIA is polyphyletic

16. Class AVES is paraphyletic
Archaeoteryx – classified as
a bird but has many
dinosaur features
These reconstructions from fossils are classified
as dinosaurs but have many bird features
broad-winged
hawk
black-and-white warbler

17. Class - Mammalia Hair Mammary glands Differentiated teeth
Animals - Ch 29, 30 & 31 pp
Class - Mammalia
Hair
Mammary glands
Differentiated teeth
Three middle-ear bones
Constant body temperature
Highly-developed nervous system
Muscular diaphragm
Three subclasses – Holo/Pro-, Meta- and Eutheria

18. Class MAMMALIA is monophyletic
this fossil synapsid has a mix
of reptile and mammal features
killer whale
cheetahs
wooly mammoth
Homo erectus