1. Discuss now… What is your earliest memory?
What did you have for dinner last Tuesday?
Have you ever entered a room and forgotten WHY you went in there?

2. Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

3. Take out a piece of paper…..
Name the seven dwarves…..
Now name them…..

4. Was it easy or hard? It depends on several things….
If you like Disney movies?
When was the last time you have seen the movie?
Are people around you being annoying so you cannot concentrate?

6.
Now write out the number

7. Now write out the number
Now write out the number

10. Sensory Memory
A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information.
2 seconds worth of information
Stimuli lasts a short amount of time
You select what you want to remember *Attention
Sensory Registers refers to the physical point on the body in which stimuli first enters the body on its way to the brain to be processed.

11. The Memory Process Three step process….
Encoding: The processing of information into the memory system.
Storage: The retention of encoded material over time.(consolidation)
Retrieval: The process of getting the information out of memory storage.

13. What number did I tell you to forget?
1769

14. The Process of Encoding
Allows things perceived to become storable items
Can be stored in short-term, or long-term memory

15. The Four Types of Encoding
Visual
Processing and storage of various images witnessed.
Novel items get your attention.
Weakest type of encoding.
Acoustic
Acoustic encoding processes sound, and stores it for retrieval.

16. The Four Types of Encoding
Tactile
Encoding that results from touch.
Memories of texture, pain, and other stimuli are stored to determine a response when experienced again.
Can move directly to LTM.

17. The Four Types of Encoding
Semantic
Encoding of sensory input that has a particular meaning, or can be applied to different things
Long term memory storage is more reliant on semantic encoding.

18. Which type works best?

20. Spacing Effect DO NOT CRAM!!!!!
We encode better when we study or practice over time.
DO NOT CRAM!!!!!

21. Take out a piece of paper and….
List the U.S. Presidents

22. The Presidents Washington Taylor Harrison Eisenhower J.Adams Fillmore
Cleveland
Kennedy
Jefferson
Pierce
McKinley
L.Johnson
Madison
Buchanan
T.Roosevelt
Nixon
Monroe
Lincoln
Taft
Ford
JQ Adams
A.Johnson
Wilson
Carter
Jackson
Grant
Harding
Reagan
Van Buren
Hayes
Coolidge
Bush
Garfield
Hoover
Clinton
Tyler
Arthur
FD.Roosevelt
Bush Jr.
Polk
Truman
Obama

23. Serial Positioning Effect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.
Recency
effect
Primacy
effect
Presidents
Recalled
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this.

24. Take a break

25. Discuss What is sensory memory?
What is the difference between tactile and semantic memory?
I remember what I had for breakfast this morning, but not last week. Which effect does this demonstrate? Primacy or Recency?

26. Do you have a favorite podcast?

27. While you listen consider the following…
- What is the introduction like?
- Sponsors?
- How do they deal with “guests”?
- What about background music?
- What works with this podcast?
- What doesn’t work?

28. Memory podcast
- Working within a small group you will create a podcast about a particular topic related to memory.
- The podcasts will take several days to create and produce before they can be viewed.

29. “modified” Three Box Model of Memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) were the first to propose STM and LTM.

30. Short Term Memory The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM.
Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds.
We recall digits better than letters.
STM lasts between seconds but can be kept there with rehearsal.

31. Short term memory in action
Simulation
Short term memory in action

32. Ways to remember things in STM…so they go to LTM
Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
Mnemonic devices
Rehearsal
(814)
ROYGBIV
Learning lyrics for musical auditions.
Flashcards for studying.

33. Short Term Memory Issues

34. Afflictions of short term memories
Alzheimer's- Shrinking of cerebral cortex which disables the ability to recall memories
Old age- as time progresses people lose the part of the brain that helps recall memories due to decay.
PTSD- attentional bias toward traumatic related information

35. AIDS
Alzheimer’s disease
Anxiety disorders
Brain injuries
Brain tumor
Cancer
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Dementia
Depression
Diabetes
Encephalitis
Epilepsy
Fibromyalgia
Head trauma
Heavy metal poisoning
HIV
Hydrocephalus
Hypertension
Hypoglycemia
Hypothyroidism
Lyme disease
Malnutrition
Meningitis
Menopause
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Multiple sclerosis
Nutritional deficiencies Parkinson’s
Psychiatric disorders
Sleep disorders
Stroke
Substance abuse Syphilis
Toxin exposure
Thyroid disease
West Nile virus
Wilson’s disease

37. Famous Case Study

38. Long Term Memory Unlimited storehouse of information.
Explicit (declarative) memories
Implicit (non-declarative) memories