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5th Grade Science Weather Patterns
Chapter 8 5th Grade Science Weather Patterns
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Layers of Air ______ - made up of 8/10 nitrogen and 2/10 oxygen, small parts of carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases _______ of Earth’s atmosphere Most weather conditions occur in the ________ layer – troposphere ___________ and ___________ change through the layers Air 5 layers bottom temperature Air pressure
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5 Layers Air pressure __________ as you go ___ through the atmosphere
Gas particles get _______ apart and there is _____ air above 5 Layers: ___________ - Highest layer ___________ - ____________ _____________ ______________ - bottom layer decreases up farther less Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere
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Heating and Cooling Earth
Land heats up _____ than water in the sun Land cools _____ than water Air above land and water have different ____________. Differences in temperatures cause: _________ ___________________ faster faster temperatures winds storms Other sorts of weather
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Convection Current ______________ - caused by different temperatures – gases and liquids rise and sink in a circular pattern. ______ - gas particles are closer together than in warm air Cooler air is _________ than warm air Cool air _______ and lets the warm air ______ above it Convection current Cool air heavier sinks rise
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6 Convection Currents __________________ form above the Earth
Warm air from the _______ rises and then cools as it moves north and south ______________________ - the combination of movement of huge convection currents and the spinning of the Earth on its axis Winds blow from _______ to _______ 6 huge convection currents Tropics Regional surface wind patterns West East
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Jet Streams _________ - found high above the ground between the 6 huge convection currents Band of very fast ________ formed by different temperatures between convection currents Causes changes in ______, ___________, and ____________ by affecting the movement of air Jet Streams winds wind temperature precipitation
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Study Diagram on Page
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Air Masses __________ - large body of air with similar properties (_________ and ______________) all through it Air masses move because of ______ Some air masses are guided by the _________ At the edge of an air mass, _______ may occur There are __ kinds of air masses – the kind of weather depends on the air mass in that area. Air Masses temperature Amount of Water vapor winds Jet Streams storms 4
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4 Air Masses ________________ - air mass from this area is cold and fairly dry because the land near the poles is not very moist ________________ - humid air with lots of moisture because of evaporation over tropical oceans and rainforests _________________ - air is cold and moist because cold ocean water near the poles evaporates _________________ - warm and fairly dry from hot desert air Continental Polar Air Maritime Tropical Air Maritime Polar air Continental Tropical Air
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Fronts ________ - a boundary between two air masses
Air masses and fronts move from _____ to ____ across the United States A ______ gets its name from the kind of air that moves into the area. Example: cold front = ______, warm front =_________ Front west east front Cold air Warm air
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Fronts Continued _____________ - a front that does not move very much or it moves back and forth over the same area. Areas of rising air near fronts have ______________ than areas in the middle of air masses Rising air masses at fronts often cause ____________ Stationary front Lower air pressure Rain or snow
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Cold Front / Warm Front __________ - cooler air moves into an area and forces warmer air to move upwards quickly The rising air forms ___________ along the steep boundary Heavy precipitation often falls near a _______ ________ - warmer air moves against cooler air. Warmer air rises above the cooler air Clouds of a warm front often move ______ and cause longer periods of __________ Cold Front Cumulus clouds Cold Front Warm Front slowly precipitation
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Severe Weather ___________ includes thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes __________ - caused by strong, quickly rising currents in moist air: Three stages 1st Stage: Clouds grow as moisture _________ in the rising air. The clouds have both __________ and ____________ 2nd Stage – precipitation begins to fall – storm has both upward and downward _____________ Severe weather Thunderstorms condenses Ice crystals Water droplets Moving currents
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Watch / Warnings 3rd stage – all of the _________ are moving downward , the clouds get ________ as precipitation falls. ______________ - means that severe thunderstorms with high winds and hail might form ________________ - means that severe thunderstorms have formed and people should prepare for them appropriately currents smaller Severe Storm Watch Severe Storm Warning
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Tornadoes Layers of _____ in a storm blow at different _________ or in different ________ Between the layers, a ______ of air starts spinning. The spinning column of air is called a ___________ When the funnel cloud touches the ground it is called a _______. winds speeds directions column Funnel cloud tornado
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Tornado Warning Tornados can move at hundreds of ________ per hour
The winds can be strong enough to move ____ and ________. After a warning people should take ______ in the lowest part of a building like a __________ No ________ near the _____ of the building kilometers cars buildings shelter basement windows center
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Hurricanes Hurricanes get energy from ______________.
Water vapor from the ocean ________ and releases ______. Under the right condition, the ________ builds and drives the _____ of a hurricane to land. Once the hurricane reaches land, the ______ is reduced. Warm ocean waters condenses energy energy winds energy
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Hurricane Warning Winds of a hurricane are __________ as a tornado, but they can be more ________. To prepare for a hurricane, people must ________________, ___________, and ________ Flashlights and battery powered radios Most important – STAY INSIDE or leave if the authorities call for an evacuation Not as fast destructive Board up windows Store food water
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Weather Instruments ________ - shows air pressure
___________ - measures wind speed – wind makes the cups of the instrument spin around ________ - measures moisture in the air ___________ - measures how much rain has fallen _______ - measures the winds and precipitation during a storm barometer anemometer hygrometer Rain gauge radar
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Weather Predictions ______________ - observe patterns of weather change and make _________ _________ - conclusions of how air, land, and the steps of the water cycle affect each other to make ___________. Forecasters make ________ about the weather in the future based on their ________ Weather forecasters inferences inferences Weather systems predictions inferences
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Forecasts Forecasters make predictions by assuming that _______ weather conditions will behave like similar weather in the _____ Forecasters use __________ to display the data Triangles and circles point in the direction that the _____ is moving Fronts are always in places of __________ ___________ = clear skies current past Weather maps front Low pressure High pressure
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Climate _______ - the average of weather conditions over a period of time Climate includes the average amount of ___________, the average ________, and how much ___________ changes over a period of time. __________ and _________ are not the same thing – climates do not change, weather changes. Climate precipitation temperature temperature Climate weather
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Landforms affect Climate
Higher land is ________ because temperatures ________ with height in the troposphere. _________ on opposite sides of a mountain vary. The ______ side of the mountain gets more precipitation than the ____ ________ can affect a climate by slowing the rise and fall of the air temperature cooler decrease Climates west East Oceans
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Oceans and Climate The temperature of air on land warms and cools faster than the temperature of the air over an ocean. _____________ can make climate warmer or cooler ________________________ are large currents that carry warm water northward The water warms the _____ above it __________ - make the coastal climate cooler Ocean currents Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift winds Cold Currents
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Climate Change ________ have changed throughout history
_______ help scientists make assumptions about ancient climates Climates can change as the result of: ______________ _______________________ _____________________ Climates fossils Volcanic Eruptions Asteriod or meteorite impacts Burning coal and gasoline
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