1. Elements are the building blocks of matter
Chapter 2
Elements are the building blocks of matter

2. Chapter 2 Objectives In this chapter, you will
Distinguish between metals, non-metals, and metalloids
Explain the organization of the periodic table
Predict the properties of a family of elements in the periodic table
Compare the characteristics and atomic structures of an element
Draw Bohr model diagrams

3. 2.1 - Elements
There are about 92 pure substances called elements that occur naturally
Each element is made up of only one kind of atom
All other forms of matter are made from combinations of elements eg. H2O and CO2

4. Elements Each element is represented by a one- or two-letter symbol
Common elements include;
Hydrogen (H)
Iron (Fe)
Oxygen (O)
Sodium (Na)
Chlorine (Cl)
Mercury (Hg)
Silver (Ag)
Silicon (Si)

5. Chemical Symbol
There are 118 different elements (92 naturally occurring and others synthetic (man made)
Each element symbol consists of one or two letters
The first letter is always capitalized, whether it is a single letter or two lettered element, the second letter is always lower case.

6. Chemical Symbol
The symbols on the Periodic Table are universal (used world-wide)
Symbols come from Latin (or Greek) words
CAPITALIZE the first letter, lower case 2nd letter (if it is needed)
e.g. No vs. NO
(No = nobelium - an element VS NO = nitrogen monoxide – a compound)
Check out page 44 for some highlights!

7. Elements How do we separate one element from one another?
From Chapter 1, we looked at physical properties like state, color, melting and boiling points, malleability, ductility, magnetism, crystallinity, density etc
Each element has its own set of physical properties as well as chemical properties.
We use Chemical properties to describe a substance’s ability to react chemically with other substances to form new products

8. Elements (pg. 44) Your textbook talks about 8 specific common elements
All elements are separated into either metals or non-metals by the staircase on the period table
Metals are typically hard, shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals tend not to have these properties and are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature

9. Elements
Meet the Elements

10. Hydrogen (H) Colorless, odourless, tasteless, and highly flammable gas
It is the lightest element
Hydrogen makes up over 90% of the atoms in the universe
Lighter than air

11. Iron (Fe) Very strong metal Combines with carbon to make steel
Iron is very ductile (wires in foundations)
Rusts when exposed to oxygen and water

12. Oxygen (O) Non-metal Gaseous element
Combines with sugar in our body to release energy
21% of atmosphere is oxygen
Very reactive with other elements

13. Sodium (Na) Is a soft metal
It looks very metallic and is shiny but cannot be used like your typical metal. It is too soft!
A pot made of sodium cannot be used to boil water because its boiling point is lower than water (98 degrees)
Sodium and water react violently to produce hydrogen gas and heat

14. Chlorine (Cl) Pale yellow-green gas
Added to swimming pools and some water supplies to kill bacteria
Chlorine can combine with Sodium to make table salt

15. Mercury (Hg) Metal Liquid at room temperature Extremely toxic
Mercury is used to create a spark free weld when working with dangerous gases
Found in older thermometers

16. Silver (Ag)
The abundance of Silver created a ‘Silver Rush’ early in the 1800s in the Kootenays in around areas like Nelson, Kaslo, and Slocan
White metallic element
It is considered a precious metal
It can be modeled, polished, and stretched into jewellery and silverware

17. Silicon (Si)
Silicon is the second most common element in Earth’s crust
It is not a metal but is brittle, grey, and has a metallic lustre
It is used mainly as a semiconductor in electronics
A semiconductor is effective at conducting electricity in controllable conditions
It is found in computer chips and hardware
Also used to make the frames of automobiles when combined with aluminum.