1. The Cold War

2. 1940’s – 1950’s

3. Causes
Superpowers- nations that are unmatched in military strength and political influence
The United States and the Soviet Union
Two disagreed on policies- Capitalism and Democracy vs. Communism (command economy)
Disagreement post-WWII over Eastern Europe- Soviet Union wanted to keep control over nations, US wanted them to make their own political decisions
Iron Curtain- imaginary division between Western and Eastern Europe that had fallen in Winston Churchill (Britain)

4. "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent…A shadow had fallen on eastern Europe, which was now cut off from the free world ...” Behind that line, Churchill said, the people of eastern Europe were “subject to Soviet influence totalitarian control [and] police governments.”
March 5, 1946

7. Opposing Alliances NATO Warsaw Pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization
US and Western Europe
Warsaw Pact
Formed in response to NATO
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
Cold War Military Alliances
Pledged military support if ally attacked

8. The Truman Doctrine
March 12, 1947, Truman told Americans that it was America’s DUTY to interfere to stop the spread of Communism 
United States would provide money to nations (like Greece) that were threatened by Communist expansion
Containment- US policy of preventing the spread of Communism

9. Marshall Plan (1947)
Money from US to rebuild Europe from the WWII devastation
$13 billion in aid
Theory: Every European nation was so poor they were in danger of turning Communist. If nations were financially stable, they would be less likely to fall to Communism = Theory of Containment!

15. After WWII, Germany divided into 4 zones, each occupied by one of the allies
Capital city of Berlin also divided into Soviet and non-Soviet zones
France, Britain, US, wanted to unify Germany by 1948
Soviet Union disagreed
Western Allies decided to unite their zones into one, calling it West Germany
Included it in Marshall Plan to prevent Communism from spreading there
Angered Soviet Union
Germany

16. BERLIN
EAST GERMANY
(Communist)
WEST GERMANY

18. Berlin Blockade
Western powers begin to reform German govt. and economy
Soviet Union tried to block Marshall Plan by cutting off all access to West Berlin- Berlin Blockade
People there depended on food supplies from allies
Berlin Airlift- to keep people alive, Western Allies flew in 4,000 tons of supplies daily for 11 months

25. Germany Divided Soviets withdrew blockade from West Berlin
Germany officially split into two separate countries
West Germany: democratic
East Germany: Communist

26. War in Korea Korean War (1950-53)
- After WWII, Korea divided into two halves, Communist North Korea, and a democratic South Korea
- Divided at the 38th parallel DMZ = Demilitarized Zone

27. Korean war cont’d
North Korean troops invaded South Korea, attempting to unify nation under Communism
- US forces prevented North Koreans from taking over South Korea
- Korea split into two separate nations (still split today!)

29. North Korea Today
Kim Jong Il died in 2011 and his youngest son Kim Jong Un took over.
Still Communist and is still trying to build & amass nuclear weapons.

30. Nikita Khrushchev Took over when Stalin died in 1953
Former Soviet general (Stalingrad)
Focused on “destalinization”

31. Cold War 40’s and 50’s Do Now Explain the Truman Doctrine?
What was the Containment Policy?
Explain the Marshall Plan.
What was NATO?
What was the Warsaw Pact?
How was Germany divided at the end of WWII? Why?
Explain the Berlin Blockade
What did the U.S. do in order to counter the Berlin Blockade?

32. 1960’s

33. The Berlin wall
Built in 1961 to prevent East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin
2.5 million already had since 1949
Concrete Wall 15 meters high

36. The Race for Space
Both the United States and the USSR (Soviet Union) wanted to be the first in space
In 1957, USSR launched Sputnik, a satellite, into orbit around earth- the first!
US established NASA- to improve American space technology
1961- First man in space launched by USSR
1969- First man on moon by US

37. The U-2 Affair
On May 1, an American high-altitude U-2 spy plane is shot down on a mission over the Soviet Union.
US asserts: it was a “weather research plane”
After the Soviets announce the capture of pilot the United States recants earlier assertions

38. The U-2 Affair Major embarrassment for Eisenhower
Admitted truth about incident
Heightened tensions b/w Khrushchev and Eisenhower

39. Khrushchev and Castro
Cuba- Communist leader Fidel Castro took power and established govt. in 1959
Looked for support from Communist Soviet Union

40. Bay of Pigs
U.S.-organized invasion force of 1,400 Cuban exiles are defeated by Castro's government forces on Cuba's south coast at the Bay of Pigs.
Launched from Guatemala in ships and planes provided by the United States, the invaders surrender on April 20 after three days of fighting.
Kennedy takes full responsibility for the disaster.
Captured Cubans

41. Castro allowed Soviet Union/Khrushchev to build nuclear missile bases in Cuba
Pres. Kennedy demanded removal of missiles
World came to brink of nuclear war
Cuban Missile Crisis

42. The Cuban Missile Crisis
October 16-October 27, 1962

44. Vietnam The war in Vietnam
Theory: Domino Theory: one nation falls to Communism all the nations around it will become Communist
Years: 1960’s-1970’s
Who: communist (north) vs. democratic (south) [US]
Causes: fear of the spread of communism
Events: guerrilla warfare
Results: communists win
Today: turning capitalistic and now a tourism hot spot

45. North Vietnam
(Communist)
17th parallel
South Vietnam
(Democracy)

46. 1964 - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
North Vietnamese patrol boats fired on the USS Mattox in the Gulf of Tonkin on August 2.
On August 7, the U.S. Congress approves the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, granting President Johnson authority to send U.S. troops to South Vietnam.

47. Tet Offensive
Viet Cong (South Vietnamese Communist guerrillas) and North Vietnamese Army troops launched attacks across South Vietnam on January 30, the start of the lunar new year Tet.

49. Ho Chi Minh
Communist
Leader of
North Vietnam

50. Vietnamization
1968, Richard Nixon elected President, defeating Hubert Humphrey
On June 8, 1969 U.S. President Nixon announced his "Vietnamization" plan, designed to withdraw U.S ground forces from Vietnam and turn control of the war over to South Vietnamese forces.
All US involvement ends by 1974

51. 1968 - Prague Spring Movement Czechoslovakia
Alexander Dubcek came to power as general secretary of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia, pledging reforms and democratization
The Prague Spring movement swept across the country.
Soviets and allies sent troops to crush rebellion

52. Shows that the U.S.S.R would use violence to keep Communism in its’ satellites (nations of Eastern Europe under its influence during the Cold War).
Czechoslovakia
Hungary

53. 1970’s

54. Nice Unibrow!
1970s- Détente
By 1970s, both nations had spent billions of dollars on building up nuclear arsenal
Under their leaders, Nixon (US) and Brezhnev (USSR), the two superpowers began a period of détente, or the lessening of tension
Elements of détente
Control of nuclear weapons
Cultural exchange
Trade agreements

55. – SALT 1972 – 1979 – SALT II
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Five Year Plans to limit numbers of Nuclear Weapons
Placed limits on both submarine-launched and intercontinental nuclear missiles.

57. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Détente ends in 1979 when…
USSR invades Afghanistan to keep a communist gov’t in power
US tries to counteract this by funding and training anti-communist forces (including Osama bin Laden) but is unsuccessful
Fighting lasts until mid 1980s when
USSR finally pulls out

58. 1980’s ’s

59. Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to power in 1985 Wanted to end Cold War
Pulled troops out of Afghanistan
Glasnost- “openness”- ended censorship and encouraged open discussion
Perestroika- “restructuring”- brought in elements of capitalism to stimulate economic growth

60. The End is Coming
Glasnost allows for some political freedoms
People began to speak out against their government
Throughout the Soviet Union, republics began to declare their independence
By mid-1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist
Mainly due to the reforms of Gorbachev

62. The Wall Comes Down
1989
The fall of the Berlin Wall represented the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe.

66. Poland Poland broke away from USSR in late 1980s
Led by Lech Walesa, millions of workers organized a movement called Solidarity, which called for democratic reforms

67. The Breakup of the Soviet Union 1991
Soviet Union became the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Russia being the largest
A “civilized divorce” of the Soviet Union on

70. BORIS YELTSIN
Boris Yeltsin - became leader of Russia in 1991, ruled until 1999
Yeltsin struggled to make the transition from Communism to democracy
Economic problems increased along with food shortages

71. Vladimir Putin- 1999- 2008: Putin has brought even more democratic reforms to Russia
Dmitry Medvedev- new president (May 2008)
Vladimir Putin now Prime Minister
But…………many feel Putin is really still in power……..
Sochi Olympics
TODAY he is President again!
Created a cult of personality/propaganda
Invaded Crimea – now occupies this part if Ukraine; supports a vote to rejoin Russia
Anyone who ran against him in the “election” has died; so have critical reporters
Considered a threat to region…Cold War Returns?
2 min Jets min Crimea

75. Create your own COLD WAR Propaganda
Requirements:
Theme: Cold War event or present day cold war based issue
Explain your drawing on the back of your work.
8x10 paper
Slogan
Information (2 or 3 facts)
Large Graphics/Color
Hand Drawn/Traced
Good taste/appropriate
Consider: Domino theory, Containment theory, Germany Divided, Berlin blockade, Berlin Wall, Prague Spring, Nuclear stockpiles, Cuban Revolution, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War in Afghanistan, Iran & Nuclear Weapons, Fall of Communism, Crimea, Ukraine,

76. Do Now 10 minutes Define: Détente
Who were the rulers of the U.S.S.R and the United States during this period of Détente?
What ended this detente period?
What Soviet leader incorporated capitalism in the economy of the U.S.S.R.? What leader did the same in China?
Define: Perestroika
Define: Glastnost
Who ruled the U.S.S.R during the 1990’s? What happened to Russia?
Who ruled Russia during the 2000’s?
Middle East
What is Zionism? Who created this movement? What is the Balfour Declaration?
What year was Israel created?
Why did this lead to tensions within the Middle East?