1. Lipids (Fats and Oils) Non-polar: will not dissolve in water
Hydrophobic (water fearing) tails
Hydrophillic (water loving) heads

2. Lipid Structures in Steriods
Rings of Carbon (they leave out the carbon in the drawings)
Example: Cholesterol

3. Lipid Structures of Fats
Building Blocks are Fatty Acids and Glycerol
Long hydrocarbon chains
carbons linked together one after the other which are also linked to two or three hydrogens
a carboxyl group at the end

5. Unsaturated fats are divided into two groups:
the bond between the carbon atoms is a double bond and the molecule can absorb more hydrogen atoms. If this is the case, the fat molecule is of the unsaturated type of fat
are divided into two groups:
polyunsaturated fat: is found in fatty fish like salmon, tuna and sardines, and in oils like corn oil, safflower oil and soybean oil.
monounsaturated fat: is found in some nuts (peanuts, almonds, hazelnuts, and pecans) as well as in certain oils like canola oil, and olive oil.

6. Saturated Fats
Saturated fat is known to raise blood cholesterol levels.
Found in foods such as fatty meats, poultry skin, coconut and palm oils, pastries, cookies and high fat dairy products like whole milk.
If the carbon atoms have a single bond between them and as many hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon atoms, then the fat is said to be saturated

7. Types of Lipids Fats (triglycerides) Phospholipids Steroids Waxes
Oils, lard, butter
Phospholipids
Cell membrane
Steroids
Cholesterol
Waxes
Candles, crayons

8. Lipid Function Long Term Energy Storage
Fats are the most concentrated energy source in our diets,
furnishing about 2.5 times the energy that sugar does, gram for gram.
We store energy for future use in fats.
Fats also insulate and protect the body and many internal organs.

9. Answer the following questions:
Several carbons in the steroid molecules already have four bonds and so will have no additional atoms (such as hydrogen) added. How many of these did you find?
How many fatty acids do you have in your collection?
How many are saturated?
How many are unsaturated?
Are fats and oils polar or non-polar? Explain your reasoning.
Are fatty acids, fats and oils water soluble? Explain.