1. Classification and Diversity
Over 30 million kinds of organisms are on the earth, an organized system of keeping track and communicating is needed.

2. Taxonomy – the science of classification
KEY WORD!!!!!!!!!
Taxonomy – the science of classification

3. Aristotle Used his system for 2000 years
1st to propose a system in 350 B.C.
All living things in 2 groups
Plants
Animals

4. Aristotle Subdivided animals on the basis of habitat and behavior
Subdivided plants on the basis of size and structure (herbs, shrubs, trees)

5. Travel and the invention of the microscope helped locate new and different organisms.
Aristotle's system was too simple!

6. Linnaeus “Father of Modern Classification” Mid 1700’s
Expanded to more kingdoms
Created the scientific naming system
Binomial Nomenclature

7. Linnaeus Video

8. Key Word!!!
Binomial Nomenclature – 2 name naming system

9. Shoulder buddy thinking time…
Why is it important that we have a system of classification?
Why do all organisms have a “scientific name”?

10. The Five Kingdoms

11. Key Word!!!!!!
Heterotroph – must get food from an outside source (eating, absorbing)
Autotroph – can make its own food (photosynthesis)

12. 1. MONERA Prokaryote, mostly single celled Ancestor to Eukaryotes
Often separated into 2 kingdoms nowadays

13. MONERA - ARCHEBACTERIA
Extreme environments
The oldest

14. MONERA - EUBACTERIA
EVERYWHERE

15. 2. PROTISTA
Eukaryotic
‘Catch all kingdom’

16. PROTISTA - Algae

17. Protista -Euglena

18. PROTISTA - PROTOZOA
A type of this causes Malaria

19. 3. FUNGI Heterotrophic absorb food through walls Eukaryotic
Yeast is a type of fungi

20. FUNGI - MUSHROOM

21. FUNGI - MOLD
penicillium

22. 4. PLANTAE
Autotrophic through photosynthesis
Eukaryotic
Multicellular

23. PLANTAE - PLANTS

24. 5. ANIMALIA
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Eukaryotic

25. ANIMALIA

26. Animalia

27. MODERN TAXONOMY

28. MAJOR WAYS NEW ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED
Structural
Chromosomes and DNA base sequences
Reproduction
Biochemical similarities (Amino acids and proteins)
Embryology

30. Overview of Classification
Kingdom – King
*Phylum – Phillip
*Class – Came
*Order – Over
*Family – From
* Genus – Germany
* Species – Singing

33. Kingdom –Animalia Humans Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic
No cell wall

34. Phyla – chordata Humans Dorsal nerve chord – Spinal cord
Gill slits and tail at some time
Notochord – Backbone

35. Humans Class –Mammalia Warm blooded Nurse young Hair Breath with lungs
Well developed respiratory and circulatory systems

36. Humans
Order – Primate
Strong grasping hands with thumbs and nails instead of claws
More developed brains

37. Humans
Family- Hominadae
Well developed hands
Walk erect

38. Humans
Genus –Homo
Large well developed brains
Ability to make tools

39. Humans Species – sapien Upright walk Mostly hairless
Culture, oral and written language
Young are helpless at birth
Must be nurtured for years

40. We have Linnaeus to thank for binomial nomenclature
Scientific Names
We have Linnaeus to thank for binomial nomenclature

41. Scientific Names ALWAYS written in Latin
Made of the Genus and the species names
Ex: Homo sapien

42. Genus – Larger category, common group that can sometimes produce sterile offspring
Wolf and dog
House cat and mountain lion
cow and buffalo
Donkey and horse
Species – A group of identical or very similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring
German Shepard, poodle, Labrador
Varieties of cats (Siamese, Persian)

43. Horses + Donkey = Mule

44. Horse + Zebra = Zorse

45. Lion + Tiger = Liger

46. Rules The genus comes before the species
The genus is capital the species is lowercase
There is a space between the two names
Both parts are underlined separately (may be italics but only when typed)

47. Examples Acer rubrum – red maple Acer leuca – white maple
Panthera leo – lion
Panthera tigris – Tiger
Felis concolor – Mountain Lion
Canis lupus - timberwolf

48. Why scientific names? Overlapping common names Example:
What is the difference between
Puma, Cougar and Mountain Lion?

49. Nothing!!!

50. Confusing (common names)
Why scientific names?
Confusing (common names)
Example:
What does a gopher look like?

51. In the Midwest
In New Mexico

52. Incorrect Information from common names
Why Scientific Names?
Incorrect Information from common names
Example:
Seahorse not a horse
Prairie dog not a dog
Koala bear not in the bear family