1. REVISION
HISTORIANS AT WORK

2. MATCH THE TERMS TO THE DEFINITION:
HISTORY
PRE-HISTORY
BIAS
PROPAGANDA BC AD
STRATIGRAPHY
CARBON 14 DATING
CONSERVATION
Measuring chemical level in a dead object.
The story of the past based on evidence.
The years before the birth of Christ.
Protection of objects so they don’t decay.
Dating objects by the depth they were found in the ground.
Favouring one side over the other.
The years after the birth of Christ.
Using information to influence people’s opinions.
History of people before writing was invented.

3. TIMELINE 7000 BC 4000 BC 2300 BC 500 BC 500 AD Old Stone Age Middle
(Mesolithic)
New
Stone
Age
(Neolithic)
Bronze
Age
Iron
Age
Early
Christian
Ireland
7000 BC BC BC BC AD
Iron
Replaced
bronze;
Arrival
of Celts
No evidence
of people
living in
Ireland
First people
in Ireland
First farmers
in Ireland
First use
of metal
Arrival of
Christianity

4. NEW STONE AGE Look at the picture of a house in the New Stone Age.
Identify the different characteristics of the house. Consider:
Shape
Materials
Wattle and daub (mud and grass/hay used on walls)
Fire/hearth
Posthole

5. IDENTIFY THE BURRIAL GROUNDS
Court Cairn
Portal Dolmen
Passage Grave

6. THE BRONZE AGE
In the Bronze Age, copper and tin were combined to make bronze. This was the first use of metal. The Stone Age gave way to the Bronze Age.
They were farmers and lived in similar houses to the New Stone Age.
Cooking methods were different.
They ground wheat and oats
on a saddle stone to make bread
and porridge.
Cooked in bronze cauldrons
over fire.
The fulacht fiadh (above) was
used to boil food.

7. WHAT WERE GOLD AND BRONZE USED FOR?
Objects made from bronze: Swords, axes, spears, arrowheads
Objects made from gold: Lunulae, sun discs, torcs, neclaces
Bronze Age people buried their dead in:
CIST GRAVE – A regular grave lined
with stone slabs.
WEDGE TOMB – Looked similar to
a portal dolmen.
STANDING STONES – Tall stones laid
out in a pattern.

8. CELTS AND THE IRON AGE
The CELTS lived in southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Their language, culture and use of iron spread to France, Britain and Ireland by 300 BC.
The IRON AGE was where iron (stronger metal) was used instead of bronze to make weapons.

9. CELTIC SOCIETY
The king (rí) ruled each kingdom (tuath). He was elected by the royal family (derbhfine)
The nobles were warriors and the Aos Dána. These were: 1. judges who knew Celtic/Brehon laws; 2. Druids who were Celtic priests; 3. Filí who wrote poetry.
Commoners were the farmers who worked the land. Most work was done by labourers and slaves who were captured from other tribes.

10. WHERE DID THE CELTS LIVE?
Ring Fort
Enclosed circular earthen bank with houses inside.
Crannóg
Built on artificial island in a lake. Land was reached by boat or drawbridge.
Hill Fort
Similar to ring fort but wider.
Promontory Fort
Built on the edge of cliffs for protection.

11. OGHAM
Ogham stones were standing stones which marked graves or land boundaries.
This was inscribed with the first form of writing in Ireland, which was called OGHAM.