1. ISN pg 116, create Unit 8 Coverpage: England—Tudor & Stuart Dynasties
ISN pg 118, title: Elizabethan England
Preview:
What is the difference between an Absolute Monarch and a Limited Monarch?

2. Elizabeth I and the Golden Age of England

3. England was NOT an Absolute Monarchy
L’etat c’est moi!! (I am the government!!!)
While most of Europe looked to the French king Louis XIV as the example on how to rule (as absolute monarch), England did not… England was never an Absolute Monarchy
Let’s review why…

4. England
During the Middle Ages, England got its 1st powerful king, William the Conquer
But, England limited the king:
Magna Carta--1st document to limit the power of the English king
Parliament—council of nobles that approved taxes & laws

5. Organization of Parliament

6. England was NOT an Absolute Monarchy
Unlike other European kings, English monarchs had to get Parliament to pass their laws
Henry VIII acted like an absolute monarch, but he had to get Parliament to agree to his idea to leave the Catholic Church and start Anglicanism; Parliament passed the Act of Succession

8. Henry Tudor ( )

9. The Happy Couple

10. Mary was born with what doctors called a “cranial deformity” (she had a lopsided head)

11. Her spine was crooked, her hair grew in patches, she was short, and had wrinkles even as a child

12. As she began to grow, those problems became even more noticeable.

13. Eventually, she would rule England as Mary I…or “Bloody Mary”

14. Although Henry cared for Catherine, he decided to divorce her and marry Anne so that a son would inherit his throne to provide a strong monarch for England.

15. Unable to get a divorce, Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and formed his own church.

16. Henry and Anne married

17. (Healthy Child!) Elizabeth I!

18. On the advice of his council, Henry did not divorce Anne, for fear that he would get a reputation as a bad husband.

19. Therefore, Anne was charged with adultery and treason, a crime which carried a mandatory death sentence.

20. Henry married Jane Seymour

21. Jane died from complications in childbirth

22. He was named Edward VI and he was sickly from the very beginning…but Henry had his son!

23. Started Anglican Church
Only ruled 6 years; died at age 15
Tried to restore England to Catholicism; had 300 Prots executed; “Bloody Mary”
Greatest Tudor monarch; ruled 45 years

24. I am returning England to Catholicism!!!
Protestants

25. Elizabeth I Elizabeth became Queen of England in 1558
Lots of prejudice towards a woman ruler; many wanted Elizabeth to get married—Elizabeth refused to share power with a man & never married (nicknamed “Virgin Queen”)

26. Elizabeth Faced Many Problems
Religion:
Her father broke from Catholic Church & started Anglicanism
When Henry VIII died, Edward remained Anglican
When Mary I became queen, tried to make everyone Catholic again
What religion would Elizabeth choose?

27. Elizabeth Faced Many Problems
Elizabeth chose Anglicanism but allowed some Catholic rituals to remain
Settled the religious problem
Monarch is head of the church
Priests can get married
Services in English, not Latin
Some Catholic rituals are OK

28. Elizabeth Faced Many Problems
Mary Stuart:
Compromise didn’t make all Catholics happy; wanted Elizabeth’s cousin, Mary Stuart, to be queen
Mary was Queen of Scotland & was overthrown by Presbyterians (Calvinists)
Mary Stuart was caught in attempt to overthrow and execute Elizabeth
What did Elizabeth do?

30. Elizabeth ordered Mary beheaded

31. Elizabeth Faced Many Problems
Philip II, King of Spain:
Philip was upset when Mary Stuart was killed; he wanted England to be Catholic
Elizabeth was upset about Spain’s wealth so she ordered Francis Drake & the “Sea Dogs” to attack Spanish ships returning from America with gold
What will happen now?

33. We are going to sink you; maybe we’ll take your treasures!

35. Elizabeth Faced Many Problems
Philip sent his huge navy (Spanish Armada) to attack England
Led by Drake, the English navy had smaller but faster ships with better cannons
England defeated Spain & became the world’s greatest navy
Spanish armada had 130 ships with 20,000 soldiers

37. Elizabeth Faced Many Problems
Financial Problems:
Elizabeth hated to spend money & did not want to raise taxes; she wanted more exploration of Americas
Joint-Stock Companies were formed—group of investors by a “share” of a venture overseas and split the profits when it returns; British East India Co was most successful

38. Sir Walter Raleigh founded Roanoke Island colony in North Carolina in 1587

42. Jamestown—England’s First American Colony
(20 years after Roanoke Island)

43. England’s Golden Age
After defeat of Spanish Armada, England entered golden age under Elizabeth; London became Europe’s greatest city
Elizabeth enjoyed history, philosophy, drama, music, sports; Promoted culture in England

44. England’s Golden Age
William Shakespeare—greatest playwright in English history:
Great Dramas (Romeo & Juliet and Hamlet) show conflict and human suffering; usually have sad ending
Great Comedies (Much ado About Nothing) show great insight in human emotions; usually have happy ending

45. Let’s Watch a Clip from Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing

46. Review pg 118:
Create a visual metaphor of “Elizabeth, a Gardener of Success.”
As a great leader & cultivator of culture in England, when “weeds” did she have to pull? What “seeds” did she plant? Did she have any help? What were her “tools”?