1. Chapter 8 Plants: Section 1By
Mrs. T.

2. THINK ABOUT IT!
Your feet are permanently encased in a block of concrete. YOU CAN NOT MOVE AROUND!
What would you need & do to ensure survival?

3. Plants: Plants are much like us with our feet encased in concrete…
They can not move around.
They must have water to survive.
They must have nutrients to live.
They must have a way to stand tall in order to obtain sunlight.
They must have a way for water & nutrients & food to reach all parts of the plant.

4. Origin: Where did Plants Come from?
Which organisms did land plants evolve from? How did it all begin? BRAINSTORM
Scientists studied ____________ or dead life forms preserved in rock
The oldest plant fossils are _____ million years old! Wow!
FOSSILS
Ask essential question. Ask for student answers.
Biologists searched for the answer to this question in FOSSILS. The oldest plant fossil discovered thus far is 400 million years old. These fossils show that even that long ago, plants had made adaptations or changes so that they could live on the land.
400

5. Where did Plants Come From?
ALGAE
Land plants & green ________ contain the same kind of chlorophyll.
Biologists believe land plants formed from ancient types of __________.
Algae is not in the Plant Kingdom – it is a PROTIST.
ALGAE
Another clue as to the origin of plants came from comparing the chemicals in modern plants.
*In particular they looked at the chemical chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is the chemical in plants that is used in Photosynthesis and gives plants their green color.
Chemists discovered that the same kind of chlorophyll is found in plants, algae, and even some bacteria.
Further study also showed that the genetic material of both algae and present day plants are very similar.
**They inferred that plants evolved from ancient day algae. Algae is not classified as a plant. It is classified as a PROTIST. Some argue that that should be changed.

6. WHAT IS A PLANT? 3 CHARACTERISTICS
________________ = organisms that make their own food.
Made of many cells =
__________________ _
__________________ _ that have nucleus in cells.
Plant cells are surrounded by a _______ _________. (animal cells do NOT have this)
MULTICELLULAR
AUTOTROPHS
CELL WALL
EUKARYOTES

7. IMAGINE: YOU ARE AN ALGAE
In order to survive you need water, nutrients, sunlight and a way to reproduce.
You get both __________ and ___________ from the ocean, lake, pond, creek that you are floating in.
Your body is small so you are able to transport water and nutrients easily throughout your body.
How do you stay in contact with the sun? You __________.
Reproduction? How does the sperm travel to the egg? It swims in the ________.
WATER
NUTRIENTS
FLOAT
WATER

8. What Adaptations would you need to Move onto the Land?
 1. a way to obtain ________ and _____________ from their surroundings
1. Land Plants obtain both of these from the ___________.
 2. a way to RETAIN (keep) ____________
1. The CUTICLE is a waxy , _____________ ____layer that helps prevent water loss.
 3. a way to _____________________ materials through out their bodies
3. Vascular tissue is a system of ______________ structures inside a plant that move water, nutrients, minerals and food through the plant.
 4. a way to ______________ or (hold up) their bodies
4. Larger plants have rigid cell ____________ and ____________ tissue to strengthen and support the body of the plant.
5. A way to ___________________ or create new plants. All plants undergo sexual reproduction.
5. A fertilized egg cell is called a ___________________.
water
nutrients
soil
waterproof
water
tubelike
transport
support
Cell walls
vascular
reproduce
zygote

9. Two Kinds: NONVASCULAR PLANTS
Click me
Click me
Click me
1.Lack a well developed system of ________ for transporting water and other materials.
2. They are low __________ and do not have _______ for absorbing water from the ground.
3. Most live in damp, ______ places.
4. Most have only thin cell ___________. So, they are unable to grow very tall.
TUBES
GROWING
ROOTS
2. They are low growing and do not have roots. They absorb water from the ground. And get nutrients directly from their surroundings. Since their bodies are so small they don’t have to worry about having tubes to transport water or nutrients. Their cells simply pass nutrients and water from one cell to the next. This also means that it takes longer for nutrients to reach each cell. Therefore they live in damp, shady places to prevent the plants from drying out.
Thin cell walls don’t provide a lot of support. This limits the plants ability to grow very tall. It wouldn’t be able to hold up its structure.
SHADY
WALLS
next

10. Mosses
back

11. Liverwort
back

12. Hornwort
back

13. Vascular Plants
1. Better suited to life in _________ areas.
2. Vascular tissue provides __________, __________, and _____________ to a plant.
3. Thus, vascular plants are able to grow quite ___________.
DRY
SUPPORT
STRENGTH
STABILITY
TALL

14. Plant Life Cycle Stage 1: Sporophyte (SPOH ruh fyt) Stage
Production of SPORES tiny cells that grow into new organisms
Stage 2: Gametophyte (guh MEE tuh fyt) Stage
Plant produces two kinds of cells: sperm & egg
Stage 3: Sperm and Egg Cells Join and become a ZYGOTE or fertilized egg.
ZYGOTE develops into a Sporophyte & the process begins all over again.

15. Non-Vascular Life Cycle
ZYGOTE

16. NON-VASCULAR PLANT LIFE CYCLE

17. Non-Vascular Plant Life cycle
Contains spores
sporophyte
gametophyte
Rhizoids