1. Estimating Highway Pavement Damage Costs Attributed to Truck Traffic
Yong Bai, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
Associate Professor
Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering
The University of Kansas

2. Disclaimer
The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.

3. Objectives
Determine truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) associated with processed beef and related industries in southwest Kansas.
Understand the models used to estimate the pavement damage costs.
Understand the limitations of current models used to estimate the pavement damage costs.

4. Introduction
Kansas is one of the leaders in meat production in the United States.
Traditionally, processed meat, meat byproducts, grain, and other related products are transported primarily using heavy trucks.
The industries will continue to grow and there will be more trucks on highways transporting meat and meat-related products.

5. Project Goal
To estimate the pavement damage cost attributed to the truck traffic associated with the processed meat and related industries in southwest Kansas.

6. Project Scope
US Highway 50/400 between Garden City and Dodge City in Kansas (41.13 miles)
24 counties in southwest Kansas

7. Benefits
Select cost-effective transportation modes for the meat processing and related industries
Assess highway maintenance needs and set up maintenance priorities
Determine reasonable user costs

8. Data Collection Truck Characteristics and Type
Pavement Characteristics Data
Pavement Maintenance Cost Data

9. Truck Characteristics & Type
Gross vehicle weight (GVW)
Selected truck type and axle configuration

10. Pavement Data Pavement type, length, and structure
Structural number for flexible pavement (SN) or thickness for rigid pavement (d)
Initial present serviceability rating (PSRI)

11. Pavement Data Terminal present serviceability rating (PSRT)
Pavement maximum feasible life in years (L)
Typical pavement performance (t)

12. Pavement Data No. Beginning Point Ending Point Length Type PS 1
1.4km E Garden City
ECoL Finney
10.13 miles
Flexible
PS 2
WCoL Gray
WCL Cimarron
18.14 miles
PS 3
ECL Cimarron
ECoL Gray
4.29 miles
PS 4
WCoL Ford
Jct. US-50/US-400
8.57 miles
Composite

13. Pavement Maintenance Data
Pave. Seg.
No.
Maintenance Cost Data
Year
Project
Total Cost
PS 1
2005 K
$15,908,221
PS 2
1985 K
$3,074,770
1997 K
$999,522
2004 K
$1,653,059
PS 3
1992 K
$1,685,548
2001 K
$746,771
PS 4
1981 K
$3,595,654
1989 K
$272,433 K
$627,261 K
$448,390 K
$220,173
2003 K
$1,730,826

14. Maintenance Cost in 2007 Dollar Value
Pavement Segment
Maintenance Costs
No.
Descriptions
Year
Project
Previous Dollar
*2007 Dollar
PS 1
US-50 Finney Co. East of Garden City to the ECL (10.13 miles)
2005 K
$15,908,221
$16,887,032
PS 2
US-50 Gary County from the WCL to Cimarron (18.14 miles)
1985 K
$3,074,770
$5,891,577
1997 K
$999,522
$1,343,274
2004 K
$1,653,059
$1,806,342
PS 3
US-50 in Gray Co. from Cimarron to the ECL (4.29 miles)
1992 K
$1,685,548
$2,626,029
2001 K
$746,771
$891,684
PS 4
US-50 in Ford Co. from the WCL east to US-400 (8.57 miles)
1981 K
$3,595,654
$7,754,356
1989 K
$272,433
$463,799 K
$627,261
$977,252 K
$448,390
$698,577 K
$220,173
$262,898
2003 K
$1,730,826
$1,948,060
* Interest Rate r = 3%

15. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries
Byproducts to U.S. Final Destinations
Feed Grain
Meat Processing Plants
Meat to U.S. Customers
Feed Yards
Feeder Cattle
Meat to Export Customers

16. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries

17. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries
Travel path estimation assumptions
A county centroid
Aggregation of the feed yards
Must be located on a highway
TransCAD travel path analysis
Least distance and cost criteria
Giving priority to the state highway system which provides better serviceability

18. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries
Centroids and major highways in 24 counties

19. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries
Pavement
Segment No.
Total Annual
Truckloads
Total Daily Truckloads
Total Annual Truck VMTs
Total Daily
Truck VMTs
PS 1
111,078
304
1,125,220
3,083
PS 2
2,014,954
5,520
PS 3
112,954
309
484,564
1,328
PS 4
968,012
2,652

20. Highway Damage Cost Analysis

21. Highway Damage Cost Analysis
Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Studied Highway Section (41.13 miles)

22. Highway Damage Cost Analysis
Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Major Highways (1,835 miles) in southwest Kansas

23. Conclusions
For the studied highway section (41.13 miles), the total annual highway damage cost associated with processed meat industries was estimated at $71,019, or $1,727 per mile.
The annual damage cost per truck per mile was approximately $0.02.

24. Conclusions
If the same truck traffic presented on all major highways in southwest Kansas (approximately 1,835 miles), the total annual damage costs attributed to processed meat and related industries would be $3,169,045.

25. Limitations Truck traffic may be underestimated
Truck travel routes may not be accurate
Inflation adjustment for pavement maintenance costs may be lower than actual numbers

26. Acknowledgement
Support for this research was provided by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program to the Mid-America Transportation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. This project was also funded in part by Kansas Department of Transportation.

27. Yong Bai Steven Schrock Thomas Mulinazzi Wenhua Hou Chunxiao Liu
Project Team Members
Yong Bai
Steven Schrock
Thomas Mulinazzi
Wenhua Hou
Chunxiao Liu
Umar Firman
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