1. May 10, 2011 Life-cycle Benefit-Cost Analysis of Alternatives for Accommodating Heavy Truck Traffic in the Las Vegas Roadway Network Dr. Alexander Paz, P.E. Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas Naveen Kumar Veeramisti, E.I. Pankaj Maheshwari, P.E. Graduate Student Department of Civil Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas Presentation TRB 13 th Planning Applications Conference, Reno, NV

2. Introduction Increase in truck traffic volume - Increased congestion - Reduced safety American trucking agency-ATA,2008 - Year 1998 : 5,000 to 10,000 trucks on I-15 - Year 2017 : 10,000 to 20,000 trucks on I-15 Mixed traffic – increased congestion - Perceived safety of passenger cars - Truck travel productivity less in mixed traffic (trucking agencies) 1998 2017 2

3. Freeway Truck Crashes in LVFreeway Truck Crashes in LV NDOT Crash Data – 2002-2006 - Less safe Freeway Truck Crashes densityFreeway Truck Crashes density 3

4. Traditional approach Systems Approach Traditional ApproachTraditional Approach Systems ApproachSystems Approach 4

5. Why Macro-Meso-Micro ModelingWhy Macro-Meso-Micro Modeling Actual System Dynamics DTA Model Describes System Structural Pattern Micro Model Describes Finer Dynamic Details Static Model Describes Overall Average Period of Interest Time Volume 5

6. Why not TDM?Why not TDM? The static characteristic of the TDM precludes capture key dynamic phenomena... TDM uses 4-step model to forecast travel demand TDM aggregates all modes of origin destination matrices before traffic assignment step There is no difference in a passenger car and a truck after assignment as it assigns the aggregate demand 6

7. 1. Base Case – Do Nothing 2. Truck Alternatives –Truck Restricted Lane –Truck Only Lane –Truck Only Toll Lane –Bypass (Corridor of Future) -Bypass A – both PCs and trucks -Bypass A1 – only trucks -Bypass B Scenarios 7

8. Base Case – Do Nothing ScenarioBase Case – Do Nothing Scenario 8

9. Network Input – Network – Origin – Destination – Control – Demand – 7 to 9 AM, 547,000 vehicles System Components – Freeways, arterials, collectors, interchanges – 215 Beltway - 53 mi – I-15 - 42 mi – US-95 - 42 mi – TAZ’s - 696 (initially 1,646) – Nodes - 9129 – Links - 16582 – Control - 791 9

10. Need for Calibration?Need for Calibration? 10

11. 87 % of link counts are within the 15% Error range. Acc. To FHWA Primer Vol. III, 85%

12. Alternatives Truck Restriction (TR) – Trucks forced to travel in one lane and passenger cars allowed in all lanes Truck Only lane (TOL) – Trucks allowed in all lanes and passenger cars not allowed in one lane (i.e)truck lane Truck Only Toll (TOT) – Trucks allowed in all lanes and have to pay toll to travel in truck lane. Passenger cars not allowed in truck lane Bypass – New route bypassing Las Vegas metropolitan area to avoid I-15 congestion. Passenger cars and trucks allowed to travel in all lanes Truck Bypass – New route bypassing Las Vegas metropolitan area to avoid I-15 congestion. Only trucks allowed to travel in all lanes 12

13. Truck Restriction, Truck Only Lane & Truck Only Toll Truck Restriction, Truck Only Lane & Truck Only Toll Toll I-15 Corridor considered for Analysis of Alternatives 13

14. Bypass B (all vehicles)Bypass B (all vehicles) Bypass A (all vehicles) andBypass A (all vehicles) and Bypass A1Bypass A1 (only trucks)

15. Travel Time Costs Annual network travel time Hourly travel time costs by vehicle class – Sinha and Labi, 2007 Travel time costs for 2007 is converted through inflation rate 15

16. Travel Time Cost Annual network travel time cost – trucks Annual network travel time cost – autos Weekday travel time cost Weekend travel time cost 16

17. Travel Time Cost 17

18. Crash Costs Crash Evaluation using IDAS methodology – Crash rates (R) from v/c ratio – Link length (L) in miles (from network) – Daily Volume (V) computed from peak hour volume (peak hourly volume = 8% of ADT) Crash Costs = Fatal * 4,107,200 + Injury * 107,910 + PDO * 9,062 in 2007 dollars 18

19. Crash Cost 19

20. Emissions Cost Emission Rates – California Air Resources Board (CARB) and EMFAC 2007 Model Emissions Pollutants – Emission Factors - based on vehicle speed – Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), – Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ), – Sulfur Oxides (SO x ), – Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and – Particulate Matter (PM10) 20

21. Emissions Costs 21

22. Fuel Consumption Costs Fuel consumption – IDAS Methodology – Fuel Consumption rates (FC) based on link speed – Link length (L) in miles (from network) – Daily Volume (V) computed from peak hour volume (peak hourly volume = 8% of ADT) Annual fuel consumption cost 22

23. Fuel Consumption Costs 23

24. Vehicle Operating Costs VOC estimates – medium auto and truck cost values in cents/vehicle mile. – components used included fuel and oil costs, maintenance and repair costs, tire costs and depreciation/mile 24

25. Construction Costs Construction cost factors – NDOT report Construction cost of alternatives 25

26. Salvage Value The service life of a new freeway facility is assumed to be 40 years Salvage value at the end of analysis period is taken as 0.58*Initial construction cost Recommended remaining capital value factors – MDOT B/C Program, 2010 Salvage value 26

27. Depreciation The annual depreciation(Straight Line) is given as D = (P-S)/23 where: P = Initial cost S = Salvage value The annual depreciation cost is converted to present value in year 2007 27

28. Life-Cycle Economic Analysis Costs linearly interpolated for years 2008-2013, 2013-2020 and 2020-2030 Costs converted to Net Present Value (NPV) 28

29. Life-Cycle Economic Analysis: Net Benefits 29

30. Life-Cycle Economic Analysis: Benefits - Costs

31. Conclusions DTA methodology was effective for analysis of truck alternative Reducing the capacity of PCs by one lane cause significant congestion and increase in travel time for TOL and TOT alternatives Bypass A (all vehicles) and Bypass A1 (trucks only) alternatives provide benefits in travel time Cost of constructing new facility might be high 31

32. Conclusion Ranking of Alternatives: 1.Truck Restriction (TR) 2.Truck Only Lane (TOL) 3.Bypass A1 4.Truck Only Toll (TOT) 5.Bypass A 6.Base Case 7.Bypass B 32

33. Acknowledgements NDOT RTC Southern Nevada University Transportation Center, UNLV Mr. Brian Hoeft and Mr. Gang, RTC-FAST Ms. Beth Xie, RTC Mr. Bardia, CH2MHILL Dr. Yi-Chang Chui, University of Arizona 33

34. Thank You! 34