1. Chapter 13: Special Senses Professor Fowler
Medical Terminology
Chapter 13: Special Senses
Professor Fowler

2. Common Word Parts for the Eye
Aque/o: water
Phac/o: lens
Blephar/o: eyelid
Phot/o: light
Chrom/o: color
Presby/o: old age/aging
Conjunctiv/o: conjunctiva
Retin/o: retina
Corne/o: cornea
Scler/o: sclera
Dacry/o: tear
-metrist: one who measures
Dipl/o: double
-opia: vision condition
Glauc/o: grey
-tropia: to turn
Ir/i, irid/o: iris
Kerat/o: cornea
Lacrim/o: lacrimal apparatus
Ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o, optic/o: eye
Nyctal/o: night

3. Vocabulary and Common Abbreviations
Nyctalopia: night blindedness
Strabismus: weak eye muscles
Photophobia: light sensitivity
Astigmatism: improper shaped eye
Presbyopia: vision changes due to aging
LASIK: laser surgery to repair eyes
Hyperopia: farsighted
IOP: intraocular pressure
Myopia: near sighted
PERRLA: pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
Cataract: cloudy lens
Hordeolum: sty
REM: rapid eye movement

4. The Eye
Ophthalmology: the study of the eye
Purposes: vision

5. Specialists of the Eye
Ophthalmologist: MD of the eye – can do surgery and prescribe meds
Optometrist: doctor of the eye – can do vision tests and measure for glasses
Optician: measures for glasses only

6. The Eye
eye

7. The Eyeball Sclera (scler/o) Choroid Retina (retin/o)
Cornea (kerat/o, corne/o): refracts light rays
Choroid
Iris (ir/o, irid/o): colored portion
Pupil (pupill/o, core/o): hole
Lens (phac/o): bends light
Retina (retin/o)
Rods: night vision
Cones: color vision
Aqueous humor (aque/o)
Vitreous humor (vitre/o) - gel

8. Muscles of the Eye Four rectus muscles each eye
Pull eye up and down and left and right
Two oblique muscles each eye
pull diagonal

9. The Eye Eyelids (blephar/o) Conjunctiva (conjunctiv/o)
Eyelashes: cilia on eyelid
Sebaceous: lubricates eye
Conjunctiva (conjunctiv/o)
Lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal gland: produce tears
Lacrimal ducts (dacry/o): tear duct
Nasolacrimal duct

10. Common Word Parts for the Ear
Acous/o, Audi/o, Audit/o: hearing
Myring/o, tympan/o: ear drum
Aur/o, Auricul/o: ear
Ot/o: ear
Cerumin/o: cerumen
Salping/o: tube
Cochle/o: cochlea
-cusis: hearing
Labyrinth/o: inner ear
-otia: hearing condition

11. Vocabulary and Common Abbreviations
Decibel: measurement of sound
Presbycusis: hearing changes due to aging
Tinnitus: ringing of the ears
Vertigo: dizziness
Otitis Media: middle ear infection
Meniere’s disease: combination of tinnitus and vertigo
HEENT: head, eyes, ear, nose, throat
OM: otitis media

12. The Ear Otology: study of ear Audiology: study of hearing
Purposes: hearing and equillibrium

13. External Ear Auricle (auricul/o) - pinna cerumen (cermin/o) – ear wax
External auditory canal: passageway for sound vibrations
cerumen (cermin/o) – ear wax
Tympanic membrane (myring/o, tympan/o) ear drum

14. Middle Ear Ossicles – tiny bones Oval window
Eustachian tube- auditory tube (salping/o)

15. Inner Ear Labyrinth (labrinth/o): inner ear
Cochlea (cochle/o): organ of hearing
Organ of Corti: hair cells used for hearing
Semicircular canal: organ of equillibrium

16. Hearing Conductive hearing loss: malformation
Sensorineural hearing loss: damage of inner ear or cochlear