1. INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY
Lecture 16
Prepared by:
Miss Norzawani Jaffar
Bsc (Hons) Biomedical Sciences, UKM

2. Learning Outcomes
At the end of learning season, the student must be able to;
Understand virology in definition.
Explain the general structure for virus
Understand and describe the mode of virus transmission.
Understand virus classification

3. Definitions
Virology: The science which study the virus and viral diseases. Virus: A genitic material containing either DNA or RNA genome that is able to alternate between intra and extra cellular states. Is a microscopic infectious agent that can reproduce only inside a host cell.

4. General virology

5. Introduction
The virus is usually very, very small compared to the size of a living cell (20 – 300 nm). Viral components are assembled and don’t replicate By “ division “. Viruses need to host cell to produce their components For replication. Viruses have a naked capsid or an envelope morphology.

6. Structure of virus

7. Structure of virus :
1- Nucleic acid(genome) : DNA or RNA not both. 2- Capsid(protein coat) : Which protect the genitic material. a)Helical. b) Icosahedral. 3- Envelope : That surrounds them then they are outside the cell.

8. HELICAL ICOSAHEDRAL

11. Viruses Transmission Viruses spread by coughing and sneezing
(Influenza viruses).
Viruses are transmitted by the faecal-oral route such as
(Norovirus), via contact with contaminated hands, food, or water.
HIV is one of several viruses that are transmitted through sexual contact.

12. Viruses classification
DNA viruses remember HHAPPPy. Herpes. Hepadna. Adeno. Pox. Parvo. Papova=Polyoma+papilloma. *all DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except POX replicate in the cytoplasm. *all DNA viruses are dsDNA except PARVO ssDNA. *all DNA viruses are icosahedral except POX is complex. *3 DNA viruses are naked PAP(Parvo, Adeno and Papova).

13. RNA viruses:
*all RNA viruses are ssRNA except REO is ds RNA.
*all RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except ORB
(Orthomyxo, Retro and Borna) replicate in the nucleus.
*3 RNA viruses are non enveloped PCR (Picorna, Calici
And Reo).
*5 RNA viruses have icosahedral PCR+FT ( Flavi and
Toga).

14. Parvovirus B19V cause Rash

15. Adeno Virus cause Conjuctivitis Red Eye

16. Pox Virus ; Smallpox

17. Rhabdo Virus

20. Treatment
Drugs that use for viral infections are called antiviral drugs.
Interferon: which stop or slow virus replication.
Vaccines: for antibody formation, before exposure to disease.
Immunoglobulins: are related to immune system and help to kill the virus.

21. THANK YOU