1. Circulatory disorders
Aneurysm: ballooning of
an artery, thinning and
weakening
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

2. Circulatory disorders
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle
Often a warning before a heart attack
Treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries – given sublingual
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

3. Circulatory disorders
Arrhythmia
Any change from normal heart rate or rhythm
BRADYCARDIA
Slow heart rate (<60/minute)
TACHYCARDIA
Rapid heart rate (>100/minute)
What is the
normal range
for pulse?
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

4. Circulatory disorders
Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose
elasticity
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

5. Circulatory disorders
Atherosclerosis: fatty
deposits form on
walls of arteries
What is the difference between
arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

6. Circulatory disorders
Coronary artery disease: a narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen and
nutrient- filled blood to the heart
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

7. Hypertension: HBP
High blood pressure
Silent Killer, usually no symptoms
Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure
Higher in African Americans and post-menopausal women
Risk factors = smoking , overweight, stress, high fat diets, family history
Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss, medication
Hypotension
Low blood pressure systolic <100

8. Circulatory disorders
Heart failure: occurs when the
ventricles are unable to contract
effectively and blood pools in the
heart
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

9. Circulatory disorders
Murmurs: indicates defect
in heart valves
Gurgling or hissing sound
What is the most
common instrument
used to detect murmurs?
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

10. Circulatory disorders
Myocardial infarction: MI/heart attack
Lack of blood supply to the myocardium causes damage.
Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot
Amount of damage depends on size of area deprived of oxygen
Immediate medical care is critical
Rx: bedrest, oxygen, medication
Morphine for pain, tpa to dissolve the clot
Anticoagulant therapy to prevent further clots
Angioplasty and by-pass surgery may be necessary
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

11. Circulatory disorders
How can PVD
be prevented?
Peripheral vascular disease: caused by
blockage of the arteries, usually in the legs
S/S: pain or cramping in the legs or
buttocks while walking
Tx: Rx to decrease cholestrol, diet change,
improve circulation
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

12. Circulatory disorders
Pulmonary edema:
excessive fluid in tissues
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

13. Circulatory disorders
Transient ischemic attack
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

14. Circulatory disorders
Varicose veins: swollen, distended veins
heredity or due to posture
prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy
Prevention
Wear sunscreen
Elevate legs when resting
Wear elastic support stockings
Eating fiber diets
Exercise
Weight control
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

15. Circulatory disorders
Leading Causes of Death:
The Impact of Circulatory Disorders
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

16. Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system
The circulatory system plays a vital role in homeostasis
Absorption and transport of nutrients to cells, tissues, organs, and systems
Did you know???
Vitamin K-
prevents hemorrhage
Vitamin B12-
prevents anemia
Vitamin E-
prevents hemolysis
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system