1. Introducing

2. Levels of Organization
group of organs working together
one individual living thing
all organisms of the same kind living in one area
all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area
all interacting populations in an ecosystem
group of different kinds of tissues working together
group of similar cells organized to work together
smallest unit of living things
ecosystem
community
population
organism
organ system
organ
tissue
cell

3. log, -o, y (G) suffix study of
Ecology
Eco
logy
the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in environments
eco (G) root home, abode
log, -o, y (G) suffix study of
ecosystem
ecoclimate
ecotourism
climatology
epidemiology
zoology

4. Ecosystem Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one particular environment
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
the living parts of an ecosystem
the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

5. Biotic Factors Bio include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms
bio(s), bio(t) (G) root life
biotechnology
biosphere
biography
biology

6. a, an (G) prefix not, without
Abiotic Factors A
include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun)
a, an (G) prefix not, without
abiotic
amoral
atoxic

7. Examples of Abiotic Factors

8. Ecosystems Biotic Abiotic
do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes
can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another
Biotic
Abiotic
migration, seed dispersal
flood, erosion, drought

9. Producer Autotrophs Examples Rely on sun to create food. Plants Algae
Contain the most energy based on the 10% rule
Autotrophs
Examples
Rely on sun to create food.
Source of all food in the ecosystem
Plants
Algae
Microorganisms
6H2O + 6CO2  C6H12O6+ 6O2

10. Consumer AKA Heterotrophs 4 categories:
Consumer
AKA Heterotrophs
4 categories:
Herbivore - Eat mainly plants. Prefix Herb=grass or herb Suffix vore = to eat
Omnivore – Eat both plants & animals. Prefix Omni = all
Carnivore – Eat mainly animals Latin carnis = flesh
Scavenger – Eat dead organisms

11. Decomposer
Break down waste and dead organisms i.e. absorbing nutrients  return raw materials to the environment
Important in recycling nutrients!!!
Usually found on ground or low areas
Examples:
Bacteria
Fungi

12. Levels of Organization
group of organs working together
one individual living thing
all organisms of the same kind living in one area
all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area
all interacting populations in an ecosystem
group of different kinds of tissues working together
group of similar cells organized to work together
smallest unit of living things
ecosystem
community
population
organism
organ system
organ
tissue
cell

13. FOOD CHAINS Tertiary consumers Primary consumers Secondaryconsumers
plants
herbivores
carnivores
Primary consumers
Secondaryconsumers
Producers
But in real ecosystems, who eats who is MUCH more complicated…instead of food chains, ecologists usually talk about FOOD WEBS

14. The transfer of energy from sun  producer  primary consumer  secondary consumer  tertiary consumer can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.

15. Energy pyramids show
That the amount of available energy decreases as it moves up the food chain
It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers
It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers

16. Energy Pyramids

17. Even “simple” food webs can be VERY complicated
Food webs in real ecosystems can be VERY complicated.