1. Protein Synthesis Review Answers

2. DNA Replication 1. Enzyme separates the two strands
Central Dogma
DNA → DNA
Which Organelle?
Nucleus; Cell Cycle- Interphase
What is produced?
2 DNA Molecules
Briefly describe the steps
1. Enzyme separates the two strands
2. Complimentary Bases match
3. Enzyme adds to bases each DNA strand
4. Two identical strands created
What is needed for the process?
Enzymes, DNA
Why do cells undergo process?
Create DNA for new cells being created
Practice
ATC CTA GGA CGT AAT CCA GAT TTC
TAG GAT CCT GCA TTA GGT CTA AAG

3. Transcription 1. Enzyme separates the two DNA strands
Central Dogma
DNA → RNA
Which Organelle?
Nucleus
What is produced?
mRNA Strand for ONE GENE (segment of DNA)
Briefly describe the steps
1. Enzyme separates the two DNA strands
2. Complimentary RNA bases match
3. mRNA molecule is created and peels away
4. DNA strands reconnect
What is needed for the process?
Enzymes, DNA, mRNA
Why do cells undergo process?
Create mRNA that has the code for a protein needed by the cell.
Practice
ATC CTA GGA CGT AAT CCA GAT TTC UAG GAU CCU GCA UUA GGU CUA AAG

4. Briefly describe the steps
Translation
Central Dogma
RNA → Protein
Which Organelle?
Ribosome
What is produced?
Protein
Briefly describe the steps
1. tRNA anticodon links to mRNA codon in ribosome
2. The tRNA’s amino acids link together
3. Amino acids continue to link together until reaching a stop codon (end of gene/protein sequence)
What is needed for the process?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, amino acids
Why do cells undergo process?
Create protein needed by the cell.
Practice
ATC CTA GGA CGT AAT CCA GAT TTC UAG GAU CCU GCA UUA GGU CUA AAG
Stop ASP PRO ALA LEU GLY LEU LYS

5. (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
Full Name
DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA
(Ribonucleic acid)
mRNA- carries DNA message to cytoplasm
tRNA-carries amino acid to ribosome
rRNA- assembles proteins
Type of Organic Compound
Nucleic Acid
Where found
Nucleus
Nucleus and Cytoplasm
Subunit and Labelling.
Phosphate
Deoxyribose Sugar
Nitrogenous
Base
Ribose Sugar

6. DNA RNA Deoxyribose Ribose A, T, C, G A, U, C, G A-T T-A C-G G-C A-U
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
4 Bases
A, T, C, G
A, U, C, G
Complementary Bases
A-T
T-A
C-G
G-C
A-U
U-A
Complementary Strand to…
AGG CTA CTT ACG GCC
DNA TCC GAT GAA TGC CGG
RNA UCC GAU GAA UGC CGG

7. Used in protein synthesis with amino acid sequence
DNA
RNA
Structure
Double Helix
Single Helix
Backbone components
Sugar and Phosphate
Center or Middle
Nitrogenous Bases
What does it code for
Specific protein
Used in protein synthesis with amino acid sequence