1. Kpk310ont IV/2005 Lauri Carlson
Ontologiat
Kpk310ont IV/2005
Lauri Carlson

2. Määritelmä (1) Short Answer:
"The branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being." The American Heritage Dictionary (4th ed.)
In short, ontology is the centuries-old branch of philosophy that has as its subject the unchanging features of the universe.
Aristoteles: Metafysiikka

3. Määritelmä (2) Slightly Longer Answer:
Barry Smith provides the following definition: Ontology is the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of objects, properties, events, processes and relations in every area of reality. For an information system, an ontology is a representation of some pre-existing domain of reality which: (1) reflects the properties of the objects within its domain in such a way that there obtains a systematic correlation between reality and the representation itself (2) is intelligible to a domain expert (3) is formalized in a way that allows it to support automatic information processing

4. Määritelmä (3) Short answer :
An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization. (Gruber)
That is, an ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of the concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents.

5. Määritelmä (4)
Ontologies are a way of specifying the structure of domain knowledge in a formal logic designed for machine processing. (Michael Denny)
The effect on information technology (IT) is to shift the burden of capturing the meaning of data content from the procedural operations of algorithms and rules to the representation of the data itself.

6. Historiaa vähän etähistoriasta: Platon (määritelmät)
Aristoteles (kategoriat)
Porfyrios (puu)

7. Historia (2) enemmän lähihistoriasta
Gruber
Sowa
Denny

8. Historia (3) miksi ontologia nyt: AI + Web = Semantic Web
Google: noin 12 500 000 osumaa haulle ontology.
Kritiikkiä:

9. Ontologioita Michael Dennyn luettelo 2002
2004

10. Ontologioita (2) OntoWeb http://www.ontoweb.org/
TopicMaps
Formal ontology

11. Ontologioita (3) WordNet http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ Mikrokosmos
Pangloss
John Bateman’s ontology portal

12. Ontologiakieliä RDF http://www.w3.org/RDF/
Deskriptiologiikka
DAML/OIL
OWL

13. Ontologiakieliä (2) ISO EXPRESS 10303 (STEP)
FOL (Simple Common Logic)
Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL)

14. Protege
Testiontologioita

15. Plugins Visualisointi (Jambalaya, IsaViz ym) Ohjelmointi (Jena ym)
UML

16. Rajapintoja
Ohjelmointi (Jena ym)

17. Sovelluksia 4M http://4m.cs.hut.fi/ FinnOnto

18. Harjoitustyö