1. 27 January 2005 1 Semantically Coordinated E-Market Semantic Web Term Project Prepared by Melike Şah 27 January 2005

2. Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah2 Outline Introduction Implementation Technology base Ontology Representation Inference Engine Product Search Demo Comparison Conclusion References

3. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah3 Introduction Semantic Web Content with formal semantics; RDF/XML, RDFS, OWL Machines understand content (intelligent agents) More automated functions (reasoning) Resource Description Framework (RDF) XML-based language to describe resources Create metadata about document All resources described in RDF denoted via URI RDF model called a “triple”, (subject, predicate, object) Statement is combination of triples

4. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah4 Introduction (Cont.) RDF Schema (RDFS) Defined relationships among classes/resources Web Ontology Language (OWL) Complex applications may require more capabilities Cardinalities, property restrictions Class operations (union, intersection,…) E-Market uses OWL to represent product info. Inference engine to reason on data Purpose is effective product search with OWL Reasoning engine

5. 27 January 2005 5 Implementation Technology base Ontology Product Search

6. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah6 Technology Base Protégé – Ontology Representation Java-based graphical tool OWL plugin - Ontology editing OWL classes, properties, restrictions RDF/XML syntax Algernon – Inference Engine Implemented in Java, portable with Protégé Querying with ASK statement Inserting facts with TELL statement

7. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah7 Ontology Representation with Protégé Figure 1: UML diagram of E-Market Ontology

8. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah8 Ontology (Cont.) Ontology of E-Market is created with OWL with RDF/XML syntax Protégé is used for producing classes properties relations individuals

9. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah9 Ontology (Cont.) Classes are type of owl:Class and Products is broken into specialized Classes

10. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah10 Ontology (Cont.) Properties product_name, price, day, month and year are owl:DatatypeProperty

11. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah11 Ontology (Cont.) Relations has_relation_vegetables and has_relation_leguminous are owl:ObjectProperty

12. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah12 Ontology (Cont.) Total of 63 individuals are generated anchovy500gr 5.0 1 2005 18

13. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah13 Product Search Algernon inference engine used Purpose: effective product querying with ontologies and inference engine Same search is tested on database-end E-Market with SQL

14. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah14 Product Search with Algernon “Search all Pepsi Products” with AlgernonPepsi Figure 2: Algernon Query searches all Pepsi products

15. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah15 Product Search with SQL Search all Pepsi products with SQL SELECT [product_name], [price] FROM products, Colas, Pepsi WHERE [Products].[P_ID]=[Colas].[C_ID] And [Colas].[C_ID]=[Pepsi].[pepsi_ID]; Figure 3: SQL Query searches all Pepsi products

16. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah16 Demo Search examples

17. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah17 Comparison Data have semantics; ontology Reason about ontology No need to know all class names and details of information More effective search a query could return comparative prices a query could offer products if the searched product is not found

18. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah18 Conclusion Formal semantics Machine usable data Increased usability of data Reasoning on ontology to further enhanced the search

19. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah19 References [1] Tim Berners-Lee, “The Semantic Web Roadmap”, W3C Draft Document, Sep. 1998, http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html.W3C Draft Documenthttp://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html [2] Tim Berners-Lee, “The Semantic Web", Oct. 30, 2000, Newsweek interview, http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Newsweek/2000/10/30/317242. http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Newsweek/2000/10/30/317242 [3] Electronic Markets - The International Journal of Electronic Commerce and Business Media, web site http://www.electronicmarkets.org/.http://www.electronicmarkets.org/ [4] OWL Web Ontology, site of W3C, http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/.http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/ [5] OWL Web Ontology Language Guide: W3C Recommendation 10 Feb 2004. Smith, Welty, McGuinness, eds, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/.http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ [6] OWL Web Ontology Language Overview: W3C Recommendation 10 Feb 2004. Deborah L. McGuinness and Frank van Harmelen eds, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl- features/.http://www.w3.org/TR/owl- features/ [7] Reasoning Engine [8] Protégé overview, web site http://protege.stanford.edu.http://protege.stanford.edu [9] N. F. Noy, M. Sintek, S. Decker, M. Crubezy, R. W. Fergerson, & M. A. Musen. “Creating Semantic Web Contents with Protege-2000”, IEEE Intelligent Systems 16(2):60-71, 2001.

20. 27 January 2005Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah20 References (Cont.) [10] J. Gennari, M. A. Musen, R. W. Fergerson, W. E. Grosso, M. Crubézy, H. Eriksson, N. F. Noy, S. W. Tu, “The Evolution of Protégé: An Environment for Knowledge-Based Systems Development”, 2002, Technical Report. [11] Stanford University, http://smi.stanford.edu/.http://smi.stanford.edu/ [12] Algernon Overview, web site http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/overview.html.http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/overview.html [13] Algernon Rule Base Programming, http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/.http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/ [14] Algernon in Java commands, http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/commands/http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/commands/ [15] Algernon in Java Documentation, http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/ [16] Using ASK and TELL to interact with Algernon V3, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/qr/algy/ask-tell.html http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/qr/algy/ask-tell.html [17] Algernon Tutorial, forward-chaining rules, TELL statement, http://algernon- j.sourceforge.net/tutorial/3c.htmlhttp://algernon- j.sourceforge.net/tutorial/3c.html [18] University of Texas at Austin Computer Sciences Department, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/ http://www.cs.utexas.edu/ [19] Algernon Abstract Machine, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/ftp/pub/AI-Lab/tech- reports/UT-AI-TR-00-284.ps.Zhttp://www.cs.utexas.edu/ftp/pub/AI-Lab/tech- reports/UT-AI-TR-00-284.ps.Z

21. 27 January 2005 21 Questions?