1. Concussions:
AND CRANIAL NERVES:

2. Concussion? A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury
This occurs when a blow or jolt to the head disrupts the normal functioning of the brain.
Some athletes lose consciousness after a concussion, but others are just dazed or confused.

3. Facts about Concussions:
Twenty percent of all concussions are sports-related
A concussion doesn’t always knock you out
Having one concussion increases your chances of having another
Symptoms of a concussion can last hours, days, weeks, months, or indefinitely
Returning to contact or collision sports before you have completely recovered from a concussion may lead to more serious injury and can increase your chances of long-term problems
10% of all contact sport athletes sustain a concussion

4. Concussion Signs: SIGNS: (Observed by coach, parent, etc…)
Change in appearance: Looks stunned or dazed
Shows behavioral or personality changes
Forgets plays he/she normally knows
Confusion
Slow to respond to questions
Forgets what happened before (retrograde) the play
Forgets what happened after (anterograde) the play

5. Concussion Symptoms: SYMPTOMS: (reported by the athlete) Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Ringing in Ears
“Don’t feel right”
Blurred vision or double vision
Feeling “Dazed”
Fatigue/Low Energy/tired
Difficulty concentrating
Sensitivity to Light or noise
Memory Problems
Sleep Disturbances/Trouble Sleeping

6. Evaluation:
Now that you have noticed some signs and symptoms of a concussion...How can you check for a concussion?

7. 12 Cranial Nerves: 1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Occulomotor 4. Trochlear
5. Trigeminal
6. Abducens
7. Facial
8. Auditory
9. Glossopharyngeal
10. Vagus
11. Spinal Accesory
12. Hypoglossal

8. Cranial nerve functions:
Olfactory: smell
Optic: vision
Occulomotor: pupil dilation
Trochlear: eye movement
Trigeminal: chewing/jaw movement
Abducens: eye movement

9. Cranial nerve functions:
Facial: facial movements
Auditory: hearing and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal: swallowing
Vagus: breathing and speech
Spinal Accesory: shoulder movement
Hypoglossal: tongue movement

10. Treatment:
Now that you have determined that the athlete does have a concussion...what do you do next?
CIF regulations:
athlete must be removed from competition
athlete must see a doctor
Why do we NOT want to just put them back into the game?

11. Second Impact Syndrome:
An athlete that sustains a concussion is 4-6 times more likely to sustain a second concussion.
Second impact syndrome can occur if a second concussion is sustained prior to the first concussion healing.
Second concussion usually sustained with little force.
50% DEATH Rate!

12. ImPACT Testing:
ImPACT stands for Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing
It looks at different functions of the brain such as memory, brain processing speed, reaction time, attention as well as post-concussive symptoms
This system takes the guess work out of when it is safe for an athlete to return to play

13. Student Assignment: OOOTTAFAGVSH
One Orange Octopus Took Two Apples From A Giraffe’s Very Secret Hideout!
Create your own Mnemonic devise to help you remember the 12 cranial nerves and their order.
MUST MAKE SENSE!!! MUST BE APPROPRIATE!!!
On the back side of the paper draw a picture about your mnemonic.

14. 12 Cranial Nerves: To get started just remember...
One Orange Octopus Took Two Apples From A Giraffe’s Very Secret Hideout!