1. The United States in the Great War

3. I. WW & WWI Wilson wins election of 1912
“Progressive,” but an ardent segregationist.
“Moral Diplomacy” vs. “Big Stick,” “Dollar Diplomacy”
Term eventually dominated by foreign affairs, especially “The Great War”
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
USA as policeman of western hemisphere
Europeans stay out
US intervenes all over Caribbean, central America – see cartoon
Mexican Revolution during Wilson’s 1st term
US sends troops to oust Huerta
“teach them to elect good men”

5. BUT: isolationism regarding Europe. We're here, they're there.
June 28, 1914 – Archduke Ferdinand murdered – War!
Germany – Austria-Hungary – Italy – Turkey
vs.
Russia – France – Britain - USA (eventually)

7. Wilson declares neutrality
Traditional isolationism:
Trades with both sides
Popular opinion = against Germany
Irish & German Americans against joining Allies
Strengthened nativism

9. II. America Enters the War
Wilson wins re-election 1916: “He kept us out of war.”
May 1915: “unrestricted” submarine warfare  Lusitania
Jan 1917: Germans revive unrestricted sub. Warfare
Feb 1917: Zimmerman Note
March 1917: Russia collapses; new gov’t = democracy
April 1917: Wilson’s war message to Congress
2.8 million Americans serve, inc;luding women and 400,000 blacks

11. III. The War at Home - Social effects “Great Migration”
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Crime to criticize the war
Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
6,300 Germans interned in camps
Break unions, throw leaders in jail
ACLU
Economic effects
“Total War”  Gov’t control of economy
Set prices, production levels
War bonds
Get Americans invested in the war
Propaganda!

13. H. R. Hopps. Destroy This Mad Brute. No date. http://www. hrc. utexas

14. IV. The Treaty of Versailles
The League of Nations
Jan – Wilson introduces “14 Points”
Freedom, self-determination
International organization to preserve the peace
Try not to make anybody too angry
Jan – conference held at Versailles
Wilson represents US – brings no republicans!
Treaty = compromise – much harsher on Germany than Wilson wanted, but includes L of N.
L.O.N. – respect independence and protect each other from outside aggression

16. Treaty of Versailles (cont’d)
B. American debate: isolationism vs. idealism/interventionism
Opposition led by Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge (MA)
Prefers traditional foreign policy
Obstructs treaty
Sept – Wilson launches speaking tour in support of treaty
Exhausted – Oct – suffers a stroke
Both sides still refuse to compromise – never passed by US.
No consensus going forward…Wilson dies soon afterward