1. Murrumbidgee Basin OzNet Station Update Rodger Young - Field Research Engineer Responsible for : - site installation Responsible for : - site installation - data acquisition - data acquisition - site maintenance - site maintenance - laboratory studies - laboratory studies 3 RD NAFE Workshop – University of Melbourne, Sept 2007

2. OzNet Station Location Murrumbidgee Catchment Murray-Darling Basin Melbourne

3. Murrumbidgee Catchment Topography ( 13 sites)

4. Cooma Aerodrome

5. Adelong Creek

6. Kyeamba Creek

7. Yanco Site

8. Griffith Aerodrome

9. Balranald Site

10. Original Old CS615 Monitoring Stations The original 18 - CS615 field monitoring stations were installed in spring 2001. The sites were chosen to cover the whole catchment with intensive study groupings of 5 sites in each of the Adelong and Kyeamba Creek sub-catchments.

11. Later New CS616 Monitoring Stations An additional 20 - CS616 field monitoring stations were installed in spring 2004 with a view to recording satellite ground truthing data. The two grouped locations chosen were: within the Kyeamba Creek sub-catchment and in the Yanco district.

12. Three Instrumented Areas Yanco area (2500 km 2 ) Kyeamba Creek catchment (600 km 2 ) Adelong Creek catchment (100 km 2 ) Murrumbidgee River Catchment (100000 2 km)

13. Kyeamba Creek New CS616 Sites K6 K10 K8 K14

14. Yanco District New CS616 Sites Y9 Y2 Y4 Y11 Sites approximating to this grid arrangement 60km

15. Measurement Validation for Old CS615 Monitoring Stations CS615 Measurement Validation - TDR sensors were installed as an aid to CS615 calibration - Soil temperature sensors were installed as the CS615 signal is temp dependent - Gravimetric sampling was attempted at each depth

16. CS615 General Soil Moisture Calibration Relationship 0.4 N N = (P 25 – P 0.0 ) / (P 0.4 - P 0.0 ) Western and Seyfried Where the temperature corrected (to 25 o C) period measurement of the sensor is obtained from : P 25 = [P obs – o(T – 25)] / [ 1 + s(T – 25)] Where s is the slope and o is the offset of the temperature correction function for each site : C T = sP 25 + o

17. CS615 General Soil Moisture The figure shows a plot of the optimal normalised period N against measured soil moisture from all sites. From the high R2 value of 0.95 and low RMS error of 2.5%v/v, the fit is acceptable.

18. Measurement Validation for New CS616 Monitoring Stations CS616 Measurement Validation - TDR was installed as an aid to CS615 calibration - Temperature sensor installed at 15cm only - Bulk sampling for Laboratory calibration study and soil particle analysis - Gravimetric sampling was attempted

19. CS616 General Soil Moisture Calibration Relationship Nfor N <= N – Rudiger Kyeamba SoilYanco 1 SoilYanco 2 SoilGoulburn Fine Soil * 0.7200.4900.3800.277 0.7631.3531.6701.453 0.3420.3340.4110.407 RMS3.5%v/v2.6%v/v6.7%v/v%v/v Dr Chris Rudiger 2007 *

20. Soil Specific Curve Kyeamba Creek This figure shows the plot of the optimal normalised period N against measured TDR soil moisture from sites within the Kyeamba Creek catchment. From the low RMS error value, the fit is acceptable.

21. Soil Specific Curves Yanco Type1 Soils This figure shows the plot of the optimal normalised period N against measured TDR soil moisture from type1 soil sites within the Yanco district. From the low RMS error value, the fit is acceptable. Must be noted that points from seven sites fell outside the main grouping and need further investigation ( shown here as Xs ).

22. Soil Specific Curves Yanco Type2 Soils This figure shows the plot of the optimal normalised period N against measured TDR soil moisture from type2 soil sites within the Yanco district.

23. CS616 Calibration Issues The extended drought period over the time of the Murrumbidgee study has made it difficult to collect undisturbed gravimetric samples from the hard dry clay soils, especially for 60-90cm. Instead, bulk soil samples have been collected for laboratory calibration studies. Soil temperature was only measured at a mean depth for the 0-30cm sensors therefore estimates were made for the temperatures at the 30-60cm and 60-90cm sensors using a simple ratio from the nearest site where temperatures at all depths were recorded.

24. Plans for Improvements to CS616 Calibration Relationship Laboratory study of CS616 responses using bulk soil samples which have been collected from the sites for the corresponding 0-30cm, 30-60cm and 60-90cm sensor depths. Unfortunately a time consuming procedure. Have recently received back the results of soil particle analysis to allow accurate grouping into soil types. Soil salinity testing will be carried out to further study sensor response issues.

25. OzNet Data - Records from 38 Murrumbidgee sites - Bureau of Meteorology Data - Kyeamba Flux Station Data Soil Moisture, Rainfall, Ground Water BOM stations : Yanco, Narrandera, Wagga Wagga plus at all of the original 18 Old Sites UoM Flux Station : K10

26. Example of Yanco Soil Moisture

27. Bureau of Meteorology Data Forcing Data Available : - Rainfall - Air Temperature - Specific Humidity - Wind Speed - Short Wave Radiation - Long Wave Radiation

28. Kyeamba Creek Flux Station 3D sonic anemometer & open path gas analyser for LE & H, 3m above ground: 10Hz measurements, 30min averages recorded Barometric pressure sensor: 1 reading per hour Air temperature & relative humidity probe, 2m above ground: 30min averages recorded Wind direction and speed: 30min averages recorded Tipping rain gauge bucket: 30min totals recorded 4-way radiometer, incoming & outgoing shortwave & longwave radiation: 30min averages recorded

29. Below the Ground 30cm 60cm 90cm 8cm (Not to scale) CS615 Soil Moisture Probes: Measuring every 30 mins Soil heat flux plates: 30min averages recorded 5cm 10cm 2cm 20cm 50cm 100cm Soil temperature probes: Measuring every 30 mins

30. Eddy Covariance Data Sample

31. Murrumbidgee Basin OzNet Station Update Rodger Young - Field Research Engineer Responsible for : - site installation Responsible for : - site installation - data acquisition - data acquisition - site maintenance - site maintenance - laboratory studies - laboratory studies 3 RD NAFE Workshop – University of Melbourne, Sept 2007