1. The Rise of Dictators

2. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

3. Treaty of Versailles Signed 6/28/1919
Freed the colonies from everyone
Blamed Germany for the war
Required Germany to pay reparations
De-militarized Germany
Took land away from Germany
Could not control – Rhineland, Sudetenland, Austria, Poland

4. 16,500,000 Dead

5. World War I Casualties Highest % of Population killed: Serbia (16.11%)
Highest Amputations: Britain (250,000)

6. The Collapse of the Old Order- The Lost Generation
Europe was destroyed:
Economically- The cost of WWI bankrupted Europe
Socially- huge populations of men killed
Politically- Revolutions all over Europe
Video: Aftermath of WWI
American writers and artists in Europe captured the negative attitude of the survivors of Europe.
Called the “Lost Generation” by author Gertrude Stein

7. The World After WWI

8. Keeping the Peace- Economic Solutions
Problem One- The Versailles Treaty punished the Germans with war reparations they could not pay.
Problem Two- England and France had difficulty recovering from the war, because they relied on German reparations for funding.
Solution- The American Dawes Plan: Reduced the level of German reparations

9. The Dawes Plan (1924)

10. Financial Collapse A Flawed U.S. Economy
Weaknesses in American economy cause serious problems
Economy Boomed in the 1920s
But….
Wealth is distributed unevenly
Most people are too poor to buy goods produced - start buying on credit, but can’t buy anymore.
Factory owners cut back on production, lay off workers
Farmers produce more food than people can eat
Many farmers cannot repay loans and lose their land

11. Global Financial Collapse
American economic problems create problems in other countries
Economies in Europe were dependent on American loans through the Dawes Plan
American stopped loaning money and began to call in those loans.
Europe couldn’t pay and couldn’t fund public works without American loans
This caused a banking crash and high unemployment in Europe

12. The World Confronts the Crisis
Britain Takes Steps to Improve Its Economy
British voters elect coalition (multi-party) government, avoids political extremes
Government brings about slow, steady economic recovery
Cut unemployment
Preserves democracy by avoiding political extremes
France Responds to Economic Crisis
France has more self-sufficient economy
Moderates and Socialists combined to form governments
Preserves democracy in spite of economic troubles
Unemployment remained high
Socialist Governments Find Solutions
(Sweden, Norway & Denmark)
Public works programs help Scandinavian countries recover
Taxed people w/ jobs to pay for people w/o jobs

13. What do you already know?
Mussolini
Hitler

14. Video Clips While you are watching, Write down descriptions of What you see. Think about the audience reaction, the stage, and gestures as well as the speech itself.
Mussolini
Mussolini in Berlin
Mussolini speech on racism
Hitler
Hitler Triumph of Will (start at 1:29:30)
Hitler Opening 1936 Olympics

15. Terms Nationalism Write an example from the video Militarism-
glorifying the military, nation led by military leader, preparing the military is extremely important.
Totalitarianism
a government that maintains complete control over its citizens. Individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition.

16. TERMS (CONTINUED) Fascism
Nationalism is stressed and the interests of the state are above those of individuals. Under a fascist state, the system of government is centralized under a dictator (a totalitarian state).
Write an example from the video
Dictator
The totalitarian leader of a nation that exercises control by suppressing its opposition through terror and censorship and through nationalism.

17. World STILL “Not Safe for Democracy”
After WW1, New Democratic Governments emerged: Germany, Austria, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece
All Lacked democratic traditions
New leaders failed to show citizens how democracy could improve their lives economically

18. World STILL “Not Safe for Democracy”
Treaty of Versailles did not allow war-torn nations to rebuild; rather made them pay huge war debts
All while dealing with depression, starvation, homelessness, unemployment
Countries Unable to Cope

19. World STILL “Not Safe for Democracy”
New Democracies Collapse
Dictators seize power and throw out elected leaders.

20. Top 10 Most Ruthless Dictators
Video-

21. Activity
Choose a dictator: Stalin, Tojo, Hitler or Mussolini. You will create a propoganda poster. Make sure you include the following topics:
Who you are in power, and why you are the best. You will need to back this up with an example
You must make a nationalistic statement.
You must make a statement that shows that you are militaristic
You must tell the people of your nation what you think about the need for territorial expansion-imperialistic statement
You must tell your people what you will do to people who disagree with you or oppose what you say or do or what will you get it your follow your leader.
(Note: though the dictators were racist, your posters will not make any racial or religious remarks or references. Your poster WILL BE CLASSROOM APPROPRIATE)
Remember these are about you, so you may use “I will” or “We will” because you are telling of your beliefs and plans, but don’t look up quotes, because you haven’t made them yet.