1. Chapter 7:
The Early Peoples of South America

2. An __________________ is a close group of islands.

3. archipelago

4. A __________________ is a place that has a distinct climate and specific types of plants and animals.
(p. 188)

5. biome

6. A __________________ is a rope with various lengths and colors of cords used by the Inca to keep records.
(p. 199)

7. quipu

8. __________________ is an area of low-growing vegetation.
(p. 188)

9. scrub land

10. __________________ is land that is covered with moist soil, such as a swamp.

11. wetland

12. __________________ is the longest mountain chain in the world
__________________ is the longest mountain chain in the world. It lies along the western edge of South America.
(p. 187)

13. Andes Mountains

14. The __________________ is a region of plateaus and plains high in the mountains.

15. Altiplano

16. Why did people settle near Lake Titicaca?

17. Lake Titicaca has a moderate (mild) climate, the soil can support crops such as maize, and it provides a means of transportation.

18. Why did few early South American people create large scale civilizations?

19. There were few large scale civilizations because the landscape was very rugged, dense forests separated people, and people lived great distances apart from one another.

20. What were the Chavín known for?
(p. 191)

21. The Chavín were known for their fantastic images on pottery and stone carvings which often depicted jaguars.

22. How were the Chavín and Mochica alike?
(p. 192)

23. The Chavín and Mochica were both accomplished artists.

24. Both the Chavín and Mochica lived in the present-day country of __________________.

25. Peru

26. Describe the Mochica city-states.
(p. 192)

27. Mochica city-states had flat-topped pyramids, stone courtyards, and plazas.

28. What mystery remains unsolved about the Chavín and Mochica civilizations?
(p. 193)

29. No one knows for sure what happened to them
No one knows for sure what happened to them. They both mysteriously disappeared.

30. According to their discoveries, what do people believe Machu Picchu was?

31. a religious center

32. __________________ was the capital of the Inca Empire.

33. Cuzco

34. Which two emperors turned the Inca into rulers of the greatest empire in the Americas?

35. Pachacuti and and his son Topa Inca

36. Why are the Inca remembered as fine stoneworkers?
(p. 199)

37. They cut stones to fit together so tightly they did not need cement.

38. How did the Inca keep their vast empire united?

39. The Inca had an efficient form of government, built about 14,000 miles of roads, and they had officials who supervised people.

40. The Inca’s elaborate system of roads were reserved ONLY for the __________________.
(p. 200)

41. military and government

42. Identify some of the significant achievements of the Inca
(p. 200)

43. The Inca built many miles of roads, dug tunnels through rock, and built sacred rope bridges.

44. What caused the end of the Inca Empire?

45. The invasion led by the Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro.

46. Using the map projection, where is South America Located?

48. Short Response
Which civilization do you think was the most important: the Chavín, the Mochica, or the Inca?
Explain why using specific details from the text. Think about significant contributions they created.
(p )

49. Chapter 7: Places
❶ Altiplano:
❶ Amazon River:
❶ Andes Mountains:
❷ Chavín :
❸ Machu Picchu:
❷ Moche Valley:
a region of plateaus and plains in the Andes which lies flat (p. 187)
the world’s second longest river, located in the northern half of South America (p. 187)
the world’s longest mountain chain, located in western South America (p. 187)
an ancient city in southern South America; home to the Chavín people (p. 191)
a city built by the Inca people on a mountaintop in the Andes in present-day Peru; a religious center (p. 197)
located in the river valleys between the mountains of Peru; home of the Mochica people (p. 192)

50. Chapter 7: People
❸ Manco Capac:
❸ Pachacuti:
❸ Francisco Pizarro:
❸ Topa Inca:
[c. 1200] founder of the Inca Empire who led the Inca to settle in Cuzco (p. 197)
[c ] Incan emperor and son of Inca Viracocha who defeated the Chancas and greatly expanded the Inca Empire; built the mountaintop city of Machu Picchu (p. 198)
[c ] Spanish conquistador who defeated the Inca; founded the city of Lima, Peru (p. 201)
[c. 1471] Inca ruler and son of Pachacuti who doubled the size of the Inca Empire (p. 198)