1. Enzymes

2. Enzymes are Catalyst Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Animation
Enzymes are catalyst to over 4000 biochemical reactions!
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

3. Activation Energy
Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Allow reactions to happen at lower temperatures (body temp)
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

4. Enzymes are Reusable
Enzymes are reusable molecules found in living things.
Animation
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

5. Classifying Enzymes
There are 4 major categories of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids
Most enzymes are proteins.
However, there are a few catalytic RNA molecules.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

6. Naming Enzymes
Take the name of the substrate molecule the enzyme works on and add the suffix -ase
Example: Lactose  Lactase
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

7. Enzyme Form and Function
Lock & key Model: The shape of an enzyme allows it to do a specific job much like a lock and key.
Specificity
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

8. Induced Fit Model Enzymes can form to the shape of its substrate.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

9. Denaturing Enzymes When an enzyme is denatured it is damaged.
Denaturing changes the shape.
Without the correct shape enzymes won’t function properly.
HOW are enzymes denatured?
Temperature
pH (strong acids or bases)
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

10. Enzyme Inhibitors Chemicals that prevent the enzyme from working.
Inhibitors decrease the enzyme reaction rate.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

11. Enzyme Activators X Chemicals that help the enzyme work.
Activators increase the enzyme reaction rate. X
Activator
Substrate
Binding
Site
Active
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

12. Enzymes are used all over your body!
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

13. http://upload. wikimedia
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College