1. The Haitian Revolution and Revolutions of 1848
By: Savannah Smith

2. Haitian Revolution Facts
Most effective revolt
Impacted by French Revolution
Abolished slavery
Terminated French rule
Known as the “first black republic in the world”

4. Saint Domingue French colony (Haiti) Very wealthy
Sugar, cotton, indigo, and coffee
Two-thirds of the tropical imports
One-third of all foreign trade
Relied on slave labor
Slaves often had:
Cruel punishments
Poor living situations
High mortality & low fertility rates demanded for African slaves

6. Saint Domingue (cont.)
The rich planters sent representatives to Paris to obtain better economic independence.
Gens de couleur-free mixed populations
the gens de couleur wanted to end racial prejudice, but not slavery.
Some French radicals saw these prosperous planters as nobles.
Political disarray destabilized the imposing administrators’ power.
The wealthy planters, poor whites, and gens de couleur each sought after their own interests, which led to escalating confrontations with each group.
The gens de couleur and whites engaged in some conflict in 1971.
The slaves also grew exhausted of their oppressors.
Slaves began rebelling by destroying farms and crops as well as murdering their masters.

7. Toussaint L’Ouverture
Full name: Francois Dominique Toussaint L’Overture
Former slave
National Convention (Paris 1794)
Rid French colonies of slavery
Made Toussaint very happy
Conquered a British group in 1798
Freed slaves in Santo Domingo (Spanish)
Showed allegiance to France
Did not provide valuable positions in local dealing
Toussaint was imprisoned in France. (died there)
Military force later came to restore French power as well as slavery
Toussaint’s supporters declared their independence and united with the US as their own nation.

9. The Congress of Vienna
Representatives from Russia, Britain, Austria, Prussia, and other European countries
Discussed the restoration of political array in Europe.
Previous order had been destroyed
Austrian minister, Prince Klemens von Metternich helped to make an inclusive peace agreement to conserve the ancient order
Main purpose was to form a strong and sturdy France and prevent future revolts among the people
A “Holy Alliance” was created by Austria, Prussia, and Russia in order to overpower any revolts and movements in France.

10. Reform and Revolution in Europe
Support for self-governing change developed all through Europe.
Example:
Greece wanted liberty from the Ottomans
Some Europeans disproved the independence of Greece.
Writers and artists believed they deserved to be independent.
Greece was given this independence in (thanks to Britain, Russia, and France).

11. Reform and Revolution Cont.
After the French Revolution, King Louis XVIII took the French throne.
He died in 1824 and Charles X took his place.
A revolt in Paris took place when he renounced the constitution forced him to step down.
Louis Philippe took the throne in 1830.
Due to French revolts, the British became frightened of these actions taking place and passed the Corn Laws.
Restricted the importation of distant grains
Landowners became wealthier
Poor had to pay more money for bread
Government prohibited meetings and protests with troops.

12. Revolutions of 1848 Began in Paris
In France, middle-class workers joined together to defeat Louis Philippe and later formed the Second French Republic.
The Reformers:
Granted men rights to vote
Eradicated slavery
Got rid of death penalty
Constituted ten-hour work days
To keep the peace, Louis Napoleon was made president in 1848.
He overthrew the constitution and briefly made himself a dictator.

13. Revolutions of 1848 Cont.
Hungarian, Italian, and Bohemian revolutionaries wanted more freedom from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
People began uprisings when their requisitions were not met.
A new king, Franz Joseph, did not allow permanent change take place.
He received military help from Russia as well as his own Austrian troops.

15. Revolutions of 1848 Cont.
People in Berlin wanted the Prussian monarch to agree to a new constitution as well as the German consolidation.
The Constituent Assembly came together to create a constitution, but they instead redirected their attention to problems in Austria as well as Denmark.
Revolution was later prevented when Frederick William IV reclaimed his rule.

16. Works Cited
Text Book
itian-revolution