1. The 14th Amendment and Loose Ends
Incorporation
The 14th Amendment and Loose Ends

2. Question
Does the Bill of Rights apply only to the laws and actions of the Federal Government or does it also apply to the laws and actions of State Governments?
Page 78 Make side notes on your copy of the Bill of Rights of the summary of the 1st 10 amendments.

3. 14th Amendment
…No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Post Civil War Amendment

4. Incorporation
The Supreme Court citing the 14th Amendment began to include the Bill of Rights in people’s dealing with state and local governments.
The States must follow the National Constitution too.
This is known as incorporation.
Why do we need this if States constitutions guarantee civil liberties?
Expand power of Court and Federal Government!

5. Passing of the Bill of Rights
Introduced by James Madison on the 1st Congress
Go into effect December
They are the 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution
But Why do we need a Bill of Rights?
Discuss in groups of 4 and come up with your “best” reason. Consider the social and political context of 1789!

6. Final Reflection In 3-4 strong paragraphs describe:
What the Bill of Rights Means to Me!