1. Weeks 1-2 Four fields of anthropology
Applied anthropology is done in all four fields
Two epistemological traditions
Field work in all four fields
Applied work in all four fields

2. Method and theory
The humanist and interpretivist vs. the scientific and positivist traditions
Emic vs. etic data
Three paradigms: Sociobiology, idealism, and materialism
Concept of culture
Nomothetic vs. idiographic theories

3. Rationalism and empiricism
Tabula rasa
Kant’s attempt at a solution
The dilemma of relativism
War, economics, and the development of science

4. Gutenberg’s contribution to modernism and science
Bacon and Newton: the principles of induction and deduction
Newton’s hypothetico-inductive model
The Enlightenment and social science

5. The qualitative-quantitative problem
Participant observation is anthropology’s strategic method for collecting many different kinds of data.

6. August Comte’s contribution to social science: Effective knowledge can be used to improve human lives.
The mastery-over-nature metaphor transferred to social science
The humanist reaction against positivism

7. Racial thinking and the development of anthropology in the 19th Century
U.S. and Europe: the development of four-field anthropology
Unilinear evolution, historical particularism, biological and structural functionalism

8. Functionalism and the problem of teleology
Key figures immediately after unilineal evolution: Boas, Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown

9. Weeks 3-4
Evolution: Linneaus, LeClerc, Cuvier, Lamarck, Malthus, Darwin
Lyell’s role: uniformitarianism

10. Mammalian traits
constant body temperature, postpartum development of helpless offspring, internal reproduction and fertilization, greater reliance on learned behavior
The K-T event and the appearance of primates

11. Prosimians and Anthropoids
Catarrhines and Platyrrhines
Catarrhines include cercopithecines and colobines (OW monkeys), and hominoids
Hominoids include hylobates, the pongids, the genus Pan, and the hominids

12. Fossil primates: Oligocene anthropoids
Miocene ancestors of the hominoids

13. Emergence of hominids at the end of the Miocene
Differentiation into arboreal and terrestrial hominoids
Freeing hand, tall-grass, sharing food, using tools as weapons

14. Raymond Dart and the Taung child
Australopithecines: the sequence
Homo habilis
Homo ergaster
Homo erectus
H. erectus moves out of Africa

15. Hominid sequence I Sahelanthropus Ardipithecus ramidus
Australopithecus anamensis
Australopithecus afarensis
Australopithecus africanus Taung
Australopithecus robustus (P. robustus
Australopithecus boisei (P. boisei, Zinj)

16. Hominid Sequence II Homo habilis (P. rudolfensis) Homo rudolfensis
Homo ergaster
Homo erectus Trinil (P. erectus)
Homo heidelbergensis Mauer
Homo rhodesiensis Kabwe
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens

17. Reduction of the saggital crest and the nuchal bun
Punctuated equilibrium
Tool using and tool making: the evidence from modern chimps

18. Early human life and sexuality
The controversial Fialkowski hypothesis
AMH (anatomically modern humans) and mitochondrial DNA

19. Single and multiple origin theories of H. sapiens.
The disappearance of the Neanderthals: note the evidence at Qafzeh.
Adaptive radiation

20. Dating fossils and artifacts
Relative vs. absolute dating
Oldowan and Acheulean tools
The Levallois method