1. Commercial Vehicle Screening for Anomalous Tires
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa
Rish Malhotra Vice President International Business International Road Dynamics Inc. (IRD)

2. Presentation Highlights
Weigh-in-Motion Sensor Technologies and Systems
ITS System Overview (Oklahoma State)
Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) and Classification
Image Capture, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and Intelligent Roadside Operations Controller (iROC)
Tire Anomaly and Classification Service (TACS)
Vehicle Information in Motion (VI2M)
Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS)

3. Weigh-in-Motion Sensor Technologies and Systems
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa

4. Weigh-In-Motion Sensor Technologies
Lineas® Quartz by Kistler
Single Load Cell (SLC) Scales
Piezoelectric Sensor
Bending Plate (BP) Scales
Intercomp HSWIM Strip Sensor
Slow Speed (SSWIM) Scales

5. Roadside Electronics (iSINC)
iSINC Lite Controller
iSINC Roadside Electronics

6. ITS System Overview (Oklahoma State)
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa

7. Electronic Screening System (ESS) and Data Collection System
Intelligent Transportation Systems in Oklahoma:
Enforcement and Data Collection
New Technologies and Approaches
Enhanced Traffic Data Information
Oklahoma DOT has plans for 6 ESS locations and currently makes use of electronic truck screening at 4 locations across the State:
Kay County Port of Entry
Beckham County Port of Entry
Sequoyah County Port of Entry
Love County Port of Entry
The paper examines the impact of the introduction and operation of the system from several different people perspectives. The following system users are considered:
Electronic truck screening system operations staff
Private fleet manager
Truck driver

8. Site Technology Implementation
Oklahoma DOT makes use of advanced technology to enable all trucks within the State to be screened. This would not be possible using entirely manual means due to the volume of trucks at each site. However, an advanced technology approach enables trucks of interest to be identified for further detailed inspection, focusing constrained resources on those specific trucks of interest.

9. Roadside Interface via iSINC® System
Credential/Safety and Data Collection is accomplished in coordination with the iSINC system at the roadside interfacing with:
WIM Scales
Sensors
Cameras
Message Signs
Traffic Lights
Digital Traffic Control
Static Scale
iSINC – Intelligent Sensor Interface and Network Controller
Truck weight, dimensions, safety, and credential data is integrated in the Intelligent Sensor Interface and Network Controller (iSINC). This equipment has the capability to merge data from the weigh-in-motion scales and other sensors, cameras, and static scales and to control dynamic message signs and traffic lights to direct the truck driver into and through each station.

10. Weigh-in-Motion and Classification
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa

11. Mainline & Ramp Screening by Weigh-In-Motion (WIM)
Accuracy to meet ASTM E standards,
Within + or - 6% of the GVW 95% of the time.
i.e. 95 out of 100 vehicle GVWs must be read to within + or - 6%
the other 5 vehicle GVWs can be outside the + or - 6%
Axle-Group load + or - 10%
Axle Load + or - 15%
Trucks are screened and sorted automatically for compliance with weight, dimensions, and credentials/safety requirements. Gross vehicle weight, axle weight, and axle group weights, are measured and screened against regulations with the goal of preserving State bridges. The length, height, and the width of the vehicle are part of the screening process to identify over-dimension trucks that pose a threat to State infrastructure.
IRD PAT Double Threshold Bending Plate weigh-in-motion technology is used to enable the truck weight to be measured, in a nonintrusive, high-speed approach. The Gross Vehicle Weight of each truck is measured to an accuracy better than ±6% with 95% confidence by measuring the deflection caused by the vehicle on a specially designed weigh pad installed in the road surface. Using this technology, each truck on the mainline interstate highway is weighed, with those overweight tagged for further detailed enforcement activities. This technology can also be used for general purpose traffic monitoring, road maintenance planning, vehicle overload detection, bridge monitoring, and toll applications.

12. Traditional WIM Data Elements
Individual Vehicle Records – All Classes:
Year, Month, Day
Timestamp (1000th of second)
Axle Spacing
Axle Weights (Left and Right Side)
Overall Vehicle Length
Vehicle Class (multiple class scheme)
Errors and Warning Flags
Weigh Compliance Flags

13. Continuously Calibrated Against Static Scale
WIM Sensors continuously being calibrated against the static scale when weigh station is open.

14. Mainline – Over-Width & Over-Height
Truck dimensions are ascertained through a combination of inductive loop, laser scanner and visible light beam technology. The inductive loops consist of copper wire inserted into the road surface. A current is passed through the wire causing the formation of a magnetic field. When the metal in the truck crosses over the loop, a vehicle signature is captured that can be analyzed to detect vehicle length. The width of each vehicle is measured using laser scanners. A visible beam of light 13 feet 6 inches above the road surface detects over height vehicles if this visible light beam is broken. Using this approach, over width, over height, and overweight vehicles are identified to the operator.

15. Image Capture, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and Intelligent Roadside Operations Controller (iROC)
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa

16. Mainline LPR and USDOT Cameras

17. Roadside Operations Computer and Credential/Safety Screening
The Roadside Operations Computer (ROC) communicates with the iSINC and transfers system data to the ROC database for further processing.
The ROC looks up license plate and USDOT numbers in real time within the ROC database to check for compliance with:
IRP – International Registration Plan
IFTA – International Fuel Tax Agreements
HazMat
PRISM – Performance and Registration Information
Systems Management
ISS – Inspection Selection System
and many more screening compliance checks.
ROC – Roadside Operations Computer
For credentials and safety, trucks are screened based on data available in the Commercial Vehicle Information Subsystems and Networks (CVISN) system as well as Oklahoma specific screening criteria. Oklahoma DOT deploys a range of advanced technologies to enable comprehensive screening to be achieved in a cost-effective manner.

18. Tire Anomaly and Classification (TACS™)
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa

19. TACS™ Tire Anomaly Classification System

20. TACS – Detection of Tire Problems

21. TACS Integration
Integration of the TACS tab shows where a pressure mismatch has been identified by the system.

22. TACS – Detected Tire Problems Mainline & Ramp
Oklahoma Kay POE - January 1, 2018 to March 4, 2018
Week #
ML Total
CMVs
ML TACS
ML TACS %
Ramp Total
Ramp TACS CMVs
Ramp TACS % 1
12687
247
1.95%
4436 84
1.89% 2
12450
270
2.17%
4592 91
1.98% 3
14612
221
1.51%
4734 67
1.42% 4
14228
275
1.93%
5008 72
1.44% 5
14356
258
1.80%
5152 70
1.36% 6
14350
306
2.13%
5088 88
1.73% 7
14501
238
1.64%
5206 62
1.19% 8
13358
2.06%
2859 41
1.43% 9
14845
233
1.57%
5767 77
1.34%
Average
13932
1.85%
4760
This page shows the percent of commercial vehicles per day that have TACS violations on both the mainline and the ramp. As you can see, most days the system detects between 1% and 2% of commercial vehicles with violations. The percentage is higher on the mainline than it is on the ramp.

23. System Operator’s Perspective
Oklahoma Commission Corporation does weight enforcement
Oklahoma Department of Public Safety performs truck safety inspections
For both organizations, staff harnesses the advantages of advanced technology by enabling routine operations to be automated allowing a focus on the effective use of resources. Advanced technology enables all trucks on the roadway to be prescreened for non-compliance issues. This focuses the manual resources required to conduct a detailed inspection on only those trucks that warrant it. This results in a significant improvement in the efficiency of the screening operation and this in turn leads to improved road safety through better compliance. The system operator is also enabled to automatically collect data that can be of significant value for electronic truck screening and other traffic monitoring activities. Additionally, the ESS helps protect Oklahoma’s infrastructure, which is the state’s largest asset.

24. Fleet Manager’s Perspective
Understanding of current truck condition enables the fleet manager to be more effective and efficient in keeping the fleet running and keeping vehicles well maintained
Insight from screening performance can also play an important role in driver education
Well managed fleets with good safety records benefit significantly by avoiding the need to have vehicles stopped
From a private sector fleet manager perspective, a highly automated electronic truck screening system could be viewed as a negative, since the chances of being caught rise significantly. However, a more important perspective is that such systems encourage all fleet managers to take a greater interest in ensuring their trucks are compliant. Additionally, such systems improve overall safety on the highway and thus avoid the costly consequences of violation. Better insight and understanding of current truck condition provides the raw material to enable the fleet manager to be more effective and efficient in keeping the fleet running and keeping vehicles well maintained. This can also play an important role in driver education. Fleet managers of well-respected fleets with good safety records will also benefit significantly by avoiding the need to have the vehicle stopped. Electronic screening of the vehicles does not just capture violations, it also enables “good” trucks to pass freely.

25. Driver’s Perspective
For the average truck driver that wishes to maintain safety and operational efficiency, electronic screening can be a major benefit.
Only non-compliant vehicles are targeted
“Good” drivers can proceed unimpeded
Improvement in road safety resulting from better enforcement creates a safer working environment
Increased probability that the driver can reach his destination safely and on time
With respect to the future, it is expected that the adoption of advanced technologies for electronic screening and compliance purposes will continue to make the driver’s job easier and safer. A nationwide integrated network of electronic screening and truck management systems could also extend the reach of current deployments, supporting growth in both system functionality and geographic coverage.

26. Vehicle Information in Motion (VI2M™)
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa
Vehicle Information in Motion (VI2M™)

27. Vehicle Information In Motion (VI²M)
Local IRD Equipment (e.g. sensors, scales)
Third Party Equipment (e.g. sensors, VMS, cameras)
Local Monitoring / Control (e.g. sort decisions, toll determination)
Central Data Repository
Remote Monitoring and Reporting
Local Operations
Evolution: whereas we have focused on local operations, which includes local monitoring and control (in case of CVO), we are now adding focus on making the data available in a central location in the cloud – providing a central data repository. This will allow remote access to the data for monitoring and reporting purposes from one location via the internet.
The customer value lies in the fact that they do not need to access a multitude of locations to obtain data: we provide that service. We also make sure the data is quality checked when being stored centrally. Finally, having all data at a central location simplifies reporting.

28. Vehicle Information In Motion (VI²M)
Vision: Provide valuable information and traffic intelligence through the deployment of ITS Data Solutions across IRD’s portfolio of products and systems – enhance current solutions and enable future applications
WIM Counter
ALPR
Bluetooth
Inductive Loop
DSRC
Sensors / Products
Data
Sensor Based Data
Information
Data Collection, Aggregation, Fusion
Intelligence
Static Data
Real-Time Data
Historic Data
Trending
Prediction
Decision Support
Core System Management
V2I Services
Enforcement Support
External Systems Support
Solutions / Services
Ops Dashboard
Performance Monitoring
Access Control
AHS management
Tolling
Maintenance Management
…..
Tire Sensor
External Information Exchange
Offline Analytics
You may want to hide this presentation based on audience.
The key message is that we enhance the current solutions and enable future applications. We are building the basis right now for future enhancements and services.

29. Vehicle Information In Motion (VI²M)
Central Data Repository
Web based traffic information management system
Multi-user platform accessible through a widget-based user interface
Dashboard view tailored to individual user needs
Initial focus on
Traffic Data Collection
Commercial Vehicle Operations
VI2M creates the basis. We will make sure that future products as well as updates to our current software (such as JOD, VWS etc.) will fit into this framework – at the least from a user experience point of view. We also will integrate our systems where appropriate so we do not duplicate development.

30. Data Management VI2M Development: Cloud-based Central Database
Fleet Management Widget
Research & Planning Widget
Driver/ Operator Widget
Cloud-based
Central
Database
VI2M Development:

31. Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS™)
Southern African Transport Conference
July 9-12, 2018
Pretoria, South Africa
Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS™)

32. Intelligent Maintenance Management Service (iMMS™)
Web-based UI presents geographical maps, site layouts and tabular representations to allow the operator to investigate issues or problems
Monitor server hardware and software, desktop hardware and application software, roadside electronics, embedded firmware, cameras, sensors and network elements.
Ticket creation:
Workforce notification
Job scheduling and tracking
Maintenance scheduling
Tracking scheduled and preventive maintenance

33. THANK YOU
Rish Malhotra