1. Warm-Up – 3/21 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the most common instruments containing gyroscopes?
Describe the components of a typical vacuum and its operation.
Describe the turn coordinator and its operation.
What is often termed the most realistic instrument for use by a pilot?
What is the possible maximum error a heading indicator may have over an hour?

2. Questions / Comments

3. Warm-Up – 3/21 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the most common instruments containing gyroscopes?
Describe the components of a typical vacuum and its operation.
Describe the turn coordinator and its operation.
What is often termed the most realistic instrument for use by a pilot?
What is the possible maximum error a heading indicator may have over an hour?

4. Gyroscopic Flight Instruments
Several flight instruments utilize the properties of a gyroscope for their operation.
The most common instruments containing gyroscopes are the turn coordinator, heading indicator, and the attitude indicator.

5. Warm-Up – 3/21 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the most common instruments containing gyroscopes?
Describe the components of a typical vacuum and its operation.
Describe the turn coordinator and its operation.
What is often termed the most realistic instrument for use by a pilot?
What is the possible maximum error a heading indicator may have over an hour?

6. Gyroscopic Flight Instruments Sources of Power
A typical vacuum system consists of an engine-driven vacuum pump, relief valve, air filter, gauge, and tubing necessary to complete the connections.

7. Gyroscopic Flight Instruments Sources of Power
Air is drawn into the vacuum system by the engine-driven vacuum pump.
It first goes through a filter, which prevents foreign matter from entering the vacuum or pressure system.

8. Gyroscopic Flight Instruments Sources of Power
The air then moves through the attitude and heading indicators, where it causes the gyros to spin.
A relief valve prevents the vacuum pressure, or suction, from exceeding prescribed limits.

9. Warm-Up – 3/21 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the most common instruments containing gyroscopes?
Describe the components of a typical vacuum and its operation.
Describe the turn coordinator and its operation.
What is often termed the most realistic instrument for use by a pilot?
What is the possible maximum error a heading indicator may have over an hour?

10. Turn Coordinator
The turn coordinator can be used to establish and maintain a standard-rate turn by aligning the wing of the miniature aircraft with the turn index.

11. Warm-Up – 3/21 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the most common instruments containing gyroscopes?
Describe the components of a typical vacuum and its operation.
Describe the turn coordinator and its operation.
What is often termed the most realistic instrument for use by a pilot?
What is the possible maximum error a heading indicator may have over an hour?

12. Attitude Indicator
The attitude indicator, with its miniature aircraft and horizon bar, displays a picture of the attitude of the aircraft.
The relationship of the miniature aircraft to the horizon bar is the same as the relationship of the real aircraft to the actual horizon.

13. Attitude Indicator
The instrument gives an instantaneous indication of even the smallest changes in attitude.
The horizon bar represents the true horizon.

14. Attitude Indicator
The relationship of the miniature aircraft to the horizon bar should be used for an indication of the direction of bank.

15. Warm-Up – 3/21 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the most common instruments containing gyroscopes?
Describe the components of a typical vacuum and its operation.
Describe the turn coordinator and its operation.
What is often termed the most realistic instrument for use by a pilot?
What is the possible maximum error a heading indicator may have over an hour?

16. Heading Indicator
Another error in the heading indicator is caused by the fact that the gyro is oriented in space, and the Earth rotates in space at a rate of 15° in 1 hour.
The heading indicator may indicate as much as 15° error per every hour of operation.

17. Questions / Comments

18. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 21
1877 — Maurice Farman ( ), aviation pioneer and manufacturer, is born in Paris, France.
In 1908, he made the first circular flight of more than one mile (1,6 km) with his brother, Henri.

19. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 21
1908 — Henri Farman covers 6,275 feet in 3 minutes 47 seconds in his Voisin-Farman No.1 bis at Issy-les-Moulineaux.

20. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 21
1916 — The French government authorizes the formation of the Escadrille Americaine (later Lafayette Escadrille) made up of American volunteer pilots.

21. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 21
1933 — James L. Kinney makes the first cross-country test of blind flying and landing from College Park, Maryland to Newark, New Jersey.

22. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 21
1933 — Fairey's TSR.1 torpedo spotter-reconnaissance airplane makes its first flight at Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England.

23. Questions / Comments

24. February / March 2017 26 27 28 1 2 3 Flight Line Friday QUIZ 4 5 6 7 8
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday 26 27
Chapter 6
Flight Systems
Powerplants 28
Propellers 1
Induction Carb Systems 2
Carb Icing and Heating 3
Flight Line Friday
QUIZ 4 5 6
Ignition Systems 7
Oil Systems 8
Fuel Systems 9 10
HALF DAY
Chap 6 Test 11 12 13
Chapter 7
Flight Instruments 14
Altimeter 15
Vertical Speed Indicator 16
Flight Instruments Airspeed Indicator 17 18 19 20
Flight Instruments Gyro Systems 21
Flight Instruments Magnetic Compass 22
Flight Instruments Review and Test 23
Chapter 8
Flight Manuals 24
Flight Manuals Review and Test 25

25. Questions / Comments

26. 2nd Quarter Requirements (9 weeks – May 24)
All students will complete the following:
Take notes - All in class quizzes and tests
Private Pilot Syllabus
Lessons 1 – 6 (Taxiing through Air Traffic Control)
Must pass written with 80%
Successfully complete 3 times on small sim
Successfully complete 1 time on Main sim
Complete ERAU Aviation 101
3 quizzes and 1 test
Student will receive zero points for all incomplete work – NO make-up / extra credit
NOTE: All unfinished Student Pilot and ERAU must be complete prior to starting Private Pilot and last 3 quizzes and test for ERAU.

27. Questions / Comments

28. AVIATION ACES High Shooter (98) 1B 1B 007 Jon Doe Bulldog Nimbus
Pilots (A – 90 & above) 1B
Co-Pilots (B – 80 – 89)
007
Jon Doe
Bulldog
Nimbus
DB n/a
Cincinnati
Chief
Jack in the Box
Goose
High Shooter (98)

29. Chapter 7 – Flight Instruments
FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

30. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify in writing how to interpret and operate flight instruments.
Describe the pilot’s ability to recognize errors and malfunctions with flight instruments.
Describe the pitot-static system and associated instruments.
Describe the vacuum system and related instruments.
Describe the gyroscopic instruments and the magnetic compass.
EQ:
Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

31. Magnetic Compass
One of the oldest and simplest instruments for indicating direction is the magnetic compass.
It is also one of the basic instruments required by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91 for both VFR and IFR flight.

32. Magnetic Compass
An aircraft magnetic compass is marked with letters representing the cardinal directions, north, east, south, and west, and a number for each 30° between these letters.
The final “0” is omitted from these directions.
For example, 3 = 30°, 6 = 60°, and 33 = 330°.

33. Magnetic Compass
There are long and short graduation marks between the letters and numbers.
Each long mark representing 10° and each short mark representing 5°.

34. Magnetic Compass Induced Errors
The magnetic compass is the simplest instrument in the panel, but it is subject to a number of errors that must be considered.

35. Magnetic Compass Induced Errors
Variation
true directions
magnetic directions
In aerial navigation, the difference between true and magnetic directions is called variation.

36. Magnetic Compass Deviation
Magnetic fields in an aircraft caused by electrical current flowing in the structure
Nearby wiring or any magnetized part of the structure
Conflict with the Earth’s magnetic field and cause a compass error called deviation.

37. Magnetic Compass Oscillation Error
Oscillation is a combination of all of the other errors
It results in the compass card swinging back and forth around the heading being flown.

38. Outside Air Temperature (OAT) Gauge
The outside air temperature (OAT) gauge is a simple and effective device mounted so that the sensing element is exposed to the outside air.

39. Outside Air Temperature (OAT) Gauge
OAT gauges are calibrated in degrees °C, °F, or both.
An accurate air temperature provides the pilot with useful information about temperature lapse rate with altitude change.

40. Questions / Comments

41. 2nd Quarter Requirements (26 Class Meetings – Dec 14)
All students will complete the following:
Take notes - All in class quizzes and tests
Private Pilot Syllabus
Lessons 1 – 6 (Taxiing through Air Traffic Control)
Must pass written with 80%
Successfully complete 3 times on small sim
Successfully complete 1 time on Main sim
Complete ERAU Aviation 101
3 quizzes and 1 test
Student will receive zero points for all incomplete work – NO make-up / extra credit
NOTE: All unfinished Student Pilot and ERAU must be complete prior to starting Private Pilot and last 3 quizzes and test for ERAU.