1. AP World History Chapter 23
Turkey, China, Japan, and the West

3. Ottoman Empire

4. Results of Ottoman Decline
Austrian Habsburgs
Ottomans driven from Hungary, northern Balkans
Russians expand into Caucasus, Crimea
Christian Balkans challenge Ottomans
Greeks, independent, 1830
Serbia, 1867

5. Reforms of Ottoman Empire
Selim III
Reforms anger Janissaries
1807, deposed, assassinated
Mahmud II
Professional army
Replaces Janissaries, 1826
Reforms: “Tanzimat Reforms”
Universities built on Western models
Railways and industrialization
1876, European-style constitution

6. Ottoman Repression and Revolts
Barriers to Reform
Sultanate, ulama, ayan
Sultan Abdul Hamid ( )
Turns to despotic absolutism for control
He continues work on infrastructure
Young Turks
Remove Abdul Hamid, continue infrastructure
Arabs push for independence

7. Ottoman Bankruptcy and European Intervention
End of Reforms.
Ayans make lots of money exploiting the poor.
Cotton is the export crop.
Suez Canal open in 1869.
British intervene to stabilize Khedive rulers.
Khedive rulers puppets to the British.

8. Revolts to British Imperialism
Mahdi camel riders revolt.
British can’t control the nomadic camel riders.
Jihad called against British and their puppets.
Lord Kitchner sent in and he crushes the uprisings.

9. Qing Empire (Manchu)

10. Qing Reforms Rural farm burdens lifted.
Infrastructure building maintained.
Merchant (compadors) expand along the coast.
These merchants tie China to outside world.

11. Qing Decline Exam system corrupted. Dikes not maintained.
Migration and outlaws.
Import of Opium from British.
Ports forced open.
British navel victories over the Chinese.
Land reforms crushed by Qing.

13. Russia up to Industrialization
Anti-Westernization backlash following Napoleon's invasion, 1812.
Decembrist revolt, 1825 suppressed by Nicholas I.
Russia avoids revolutions of 1830, 1848.
Economic and Social Problems, The Peasant Question.
Crimean War ( ), Defeat by industrial powers.
Alexander II turns to industrialization after war.

14. Alexander II 1861, emancipation of serfs
Forced to buy lands for former serfs.
Productivity of land stagnant.

15. Industrialization Railways Pacific reached, 1880s
Siberia opened to development
Factories, 1880s
Count Witte,
High tariffs
Banking system improved
Western investment sought

16. The Road to Revolution Ethnic minorities Peasants Anarchists
Demands
Peasants
Famine, taxes
Anarchists
Fail to win peasant support
Suppressed
1881, Alexander II assassinated
New ideas
Marxist socialism
Lenin (Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov)

17. The Revolution of 1905 Expansion continues Ottomans pushed back, 1870s
New Slavic nations created
Into Manchuria
Defeated in Russo-Japanese war,
Revolution, 1905
Duma created
Minister Stolypin
Agrarian reforms

18. Cultural Revival Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy
Tchaikovsky, Chopin, Liszt
Mendel, Pavlov

19. Culture under the Tokugawa
Thriving
Neo-Confucianism
Variety of schools
By 1850s
Economy slowing
Rural riots

20. Pre-Meiji Commander Matthew Perry 1853, Japanese ports forced to open
Shogunate bureaucrats
Open doors reluctantly
Others want to end isolation
Conservative daimyos for isolation
Unrest
1868, shogunate defeated
Meiji restoration
Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji)

21. Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State
Feudalism ended
Appointed prefects from 1871
State expanded
Samurai officials to United States
Study, promote change
, samurai class abolished
Some find new roles
Iwasaki Yataro: Mitsubishi
Political reorganization
Constitution, 1889
House of Peers
Diet, lower house

22. Sino Japanese War

23. Japan's Industrial Revolution in other areas
Military
Banks
Railways, steamships
Tariffs, guilds removed
Ministry of Industry,1870
Model factories

24. Social Effects Culture Universal education Western dress adopted
Conversion to Christianity limited
Shintoism attracts new followers
Need for raw materials
War with China over Korea,
Alliance with Britain, 1902
War with Russia, 1904
Korea annexed, 1910
Nationalism and Emperor Worship