1. Body Systems: Skeletal, Muscular, and Digestive

2. Levels of Organization ~ Organ Systems

3. Well how many systems do each of us have?
Humans (mammals)
Circulatory
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Reproductive
Muscular
Excretory
Skeletal
Endocrine
Integumentary
Nervous
Digestive

4. Skeletal System
Introductory video clip – Click Here!

5. Skeletal– Functions (jobs)
Gives shape and support
Movement
Protects internal organs
Makes blood cells
Stores calcium and other
minerals.

6. Skeletal– Structures (parts)
Marrow- the inner part of the bone that makes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Ligaments- tissue that connects one bone to another bone
Cartilage- flexible connective tissue that is found on the ends of bones to reduce friction

7. Joints—Where 2 bones meet
Immoveable (fixed)- does not move (skull)
Pivot- movement around a point (neck)
Ball and Socket- allows 360 degree motion (shoulder and hip)
Hinge- allows for open and close motion (knees and elbows
Sliding- bones glide past one another (hands and feet)
What did one bone say to the other bone?
Will you be “jointing” me tonight for dinner? LOL

8. Do all animals have a skeleton like ours?
Nope!
Scorpion
Sea Urchin
Not this guy! His skeleton is an exoskeleton (it is on the outside of his body)
Not this one either. His skeleton is an endoskeleton, but much different than ours.
Nope! At least he has a backbone like us.
Nautilus
Not him either! Although he has an endoskeleton, it is still much different than ours.
Sting ray

9. Disorders of the skeletal system
Osteoporosis -- weakening of bone due to loss of calcium.
Usually in old age.

10. Muscular System
Introductory Video:
Click Here

11. Muscular--Functions Stability and Posture Motion Heat Production
Circulation
Digestion

12. Involuntary Muscles (not in our control)
Food digestion
Circulation

13. 3 Types of Muscles Involuntary Voluntary Involuntary
Cardiac Muscle- muscle found in the heart
Involuntary
Skeletal Muscle- muscle attached to your bones and helps you move
Voluntary
Smooth Muscle- lines organs such as blood vessels, stomach and digestive tract.
Involuntary
Voluntary (control) or Involuntary (no control)??

14. How are our muscles attached to our bones?
Tendons attach our muscle to our bones.

15. The skeletal system and the muscular system work together for movement
Make large moveable arm for this slide.
Try this out on your own arm.
Bend it. Which muscle is “bulging” or shortening? Which one is lengthening?
Straighten it. Now, which muscle is “bulging” or shortening? And lenghthening?

16. In which picture is work being done?
Muscles help us do WORK.
What is work and when is it really done?
Work is done when force is applied over a distance.
In which picture is work being done?
Force Distance
Force Distance

17. Levers in the Human Body

18. Structures/Types of Muscle, contd.
Skeletal muscles that move your body around come in two varieties: flexors and extensors.
Flexors and extensors usually work in pairs, as seen here:
i. flexor – bends a joint (biceps)
biceps bends
the arm
triceps
straightens it
ii. extensor – straightens a joint (triceps)

19. Disorders
Muscular dystrophy is a disease where a person’s muscles weaken after birth and the sick have little control over them. Over time, people with M.D. will often end up in wheelchairs as their muscles fail them. Their minds are completely healthy, though. No cure
currently exists for this disease. The MDA (Jerry’s
Kids) is the most prominent charity searching for a
cure.

20. Systems working together
1. Skeletal and Circulatory
2. Skeletal and Muscular
Bone marrow makes red and white blood cells and platelets.
Muscles contract and relax to make the bones move.

21. Digestive System
Introductory Video: Click Here

22. Digestive– Functions (jobs)
Physical breakdown of food
Chemical breakdown of food
Movement of food through the system
Absorption of nutrients
Elimination of waste

23. Digestive– Structures (parts)
1. mouth 1.
Digestive– Structures (parts)
2. esophagus 2. 3.
3. stomach 4.
4. small intestine 5.
5. large intestine
6. anus 6.

24. Disorders of the digestive system
Appendicitis – inflammation of the appendix; Doctors typically treat appendicitis with antibiotics and surgery to remove the appendix.