1. lean-ISD Session #415 TRAINING ’98 Conference Presentation
Peter R. Hybert Guy W. Wallace
CADDI, Inc.

2. The Machine That Changed the World
lean
Concept from the book:
The Machine That Changed the World
by:
James P. Womack
Daniel T. Jones
Daniel Roos

3. lean Best of both mass and craft production
Principles and attributes of lean
Teamwork
Communication
Efficient use of resources and elimination of waste
Continuous improvement

4. lean Attributes of a lean process/methodology Defined process/steps
Defined roles/responsibilities
Standard tools/templates
Flexible

5. ISD Common Benefits Common Complaints
More interactivity and/or testing
More effective instructional process
Focus on job performance and learning versus content
Better use of instructional media
Takes too long
Impossible to forecast and manage
Variable results— depends on the designer
Each designer uses his/her own process, formats, defaults, etc.
The bottom line—it is difficult to get consistent, reliable results implementing ISD in a corporate training organization

6. lean-ISD lean applied to ISD would have beneficial impacts on Quality
Cycle time
Cost

7. lean-ISD via the PACTSM Processes for T&D
CADDI’s PACT Processes for T&D
CAD
Curriculum Architecture Design
PACT Analysis
MCD
Modular Curriculum Development
IAD
Instructional Activity Development
Project Planning & Management

8. lean-ISD via the PACTSM Processes for T&D
Three levels of ISD
CAD
Curriculum Architecture Design
PACT Analysis
MCD
Modular Curriculum Development
IAD
Instructional Activity Development
Project Planning & Management

9. lean-ISD via the PACTSM Processes for T&D
Akin to systems engineering of products
Car development
Telecommunications product development
Software development
Let’s look at some examples

10. lean-Car Development e.g., Four-door pickup truck
Auto Integrated Systems Design
e.g., Four-door pickup truck
Customer Requirements & Supplier Capabilities
System Design & Development
e.g., H/V/AC system design
Component Design & Development
e.g., Backseat fan control mechanism
Project Planning & Management

11. lean-Telecommunications Product Development
Network Integrated Systems Design
e.g., Networked phone system
Customer Requirements & Supplier Capabilities
System Design & Development
e.g., Phone handset
Component Design & Development
e.g., “Redial” button
Project Planning & Management

12. lean-Software Development
Application Suite
Systems Design
e.g., Integrated corporate financial system
Customer Requirements & Supplier Capabilities
System Design & Development
e.g., Spreadsheet application
Component Design & Development
e.g., “Cut & paste” function
Project Planning & Management

13. PACT Processes for T&D CAD - Curriculum Architecture Design
Macrolevel ISD analysis and design
Systems analysis and systems engineering design of the T&D product line
Modular design product line
Product X
Product Y
CAD assists in a reuse strategy for modules/chunks of T&D content

14. PACT Processes for T&D MCD - Modular Curriculum Development
Midlevel analysis and design
Akin to the ADDIE Model, also known as the “big block diagram,” from the work of Robert Gagne, Leslie Briggs, Robert Moran, and Robert Branson
Analysis A
Design D
Development
Implementation I
Evaluation E

15. PACT Processes for T&D IAD - Instructional Activity Development
Microlevel analysis and design
Development of typical instructional elements or activities, such as
Simulation exercises
Performance tests
Structured, on-the-job training
Demonstrations
Case studies
Etc.

16. PACT Processes for T&D Analysis
Similar front-end analysis for each PACT Process for T&D
CAD
PACT Analysis
MCD
IAD
Project Planning & Management

17. PACT Processes for T&D Analysis
Four types of ISD Analysis
Target Audience Data
PACT Analysis
Performance Modeling
Knowledge/Skill Analysis
Existing T&D Assessment

18. PACT Processes for T&D Project Planning & Management
PACT embraces
Structured processes
Predefined roles and responsibilities
Detailed planning
Continuous communications
Customer control of content/ supplier control of process

19. PACT Processes for T&D Project Planning & Management
Planning and communications tools and templates
Systematic engagement of customers and stakeholders
The right people doing the right things at the right time
Interview guides
Project Plan templates
CAD
MCD
IAD
PST gate review meeting presentations

20. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases
Each PACT Process has a gated process model
Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points
CAD Phase 4
Implementation Planning
CAD Phase 1
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
CAD Phase 2
Analysis
CAD Phase 3
Design

21. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases
Each PACT Process has a gated process model
Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points
MCD Phase 1
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
MCD Phase 2
Analysis
MCD Phase 3
Design
MCD Phase 4
Development/ Acquisition
MCD Phase 5
Pilot Test
MCD Phase 6
Revision & Release

22. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases
Each PACT Process has a gated process model
Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points
IAD Phase 1
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
IAD Phase 2
Analysis
IAD Phase 3
Design
IAD Phase 4
Development
IAD Phase 5
Pilot Test
IAD Phase 6
Revision & Release

23. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases
Each PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation
Phase combinations are possible
CAD Phase 4
Implementation Planning
CAD Phase 1
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
CAD Phases 2/3
Analysis/Design

24. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases
Each PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation
Phase combinations are possible
MCD Phase 1
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
MCD Phases 2/3
Analysis/Design
MCD Phase 4
Development/ Acquisition
MCD Phase 5
Pilot Test
MCD Phase 6
Revision & Release

25. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases
Each PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation
Phase combinations are possible
IAD Phase 1
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
IAD Phases 2/3
Analysis/Design
IAD Phases 4/5/6
Development, Pilot Test, and Revision & Release

26. PACT Processes for T&D Teams & Roles/Responsibilities
Typical Teams — CAD
Project Steering Team
Analysis Team
Design Team
Implementation Planning Team

27. PACT Processes for T&D Teams & Roles/Responsibilities
Typical Teams — MCD
Project Steering Team
Analysis Team
Design Team
Development Team
Pilot Test Team

28. PACT Processes for T&D Teams & Roles/Responsibilities
Typical Teams — IAD
Project Steering Team
Analysis Team
Design Team
Development Team
Pilot Test Team

29. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates
Project Planning & Management
Word Processing Templates
Project Plan
Proposal
Project Steering Team Review Presentations
Invitation and Confirmation Letters
Tools and Go-by’s
Stakeholder/Customer Interview Guide
Project Plan
Proposal

30. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates
Analysis
Word Processing Templates
Target Audience Data
Performance Model
Knowledge/Skill Matrix
Existing T&D Assessment
Analysis Team Kick-off Presentation
Project Steering Team Review Presentation
Tools and Go-by’s
Analysis Report
Analysis Database

31. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates
Design
Word Processing Templates
Event Specs and Maps
Module Specs and Maps
Lesson Specs and Maps
Activity Specs
Project Steering Team Review Presentation
Design Team Kick-off Presentation
Tools and Go-by’s
Design Document
Design Database

32. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates
Development
Word Processing Templates
Tools and Go-by’s

33. lean-ISD via the PACT Processes for T&D Business Benefits
Customer/Stakeholder
Project is visible and predictable in terms of
T&D quality
Investment and returns
Project tasks and schedule
Provides managerial review and control points
Supplier
Puts ISD suppliers in control of instructional integrity within the parameters set by the customer
Templates and tools enable detailed project planning and communications with the customer
Learner
T&D is performance oriented and will have a positive impact on learner’s ability to perform
Modular structure provides flexibility for learner participation
Ensures voice of the customer and voice of the supplier in ISD projects

34. Standard, but flexible processes and methodologies for ISD
lean-ISD Summary
A blend of the best of both craft and mass production approaches, applied to ISD
Common process
Gated process models
Use of teams
Use of tools and templates
Multilevel design hierarchy used to ensure platform, modular, integrated ISD
Standard, but flexible processes and methodologies for ISD

35. lean-ISD
Thank You!