1. Elements, Minerals, Rocks, Soil, Agriculture
Unit 3: Geosphere Part 2
Elements, Minerals, Rocks, Soil, Agriculture

2. What are Atoms?
Are made up of chemical elements. Each element has nearly identical atoms. Atoms have three different particles: - protons (+) located in center of atom -electrons (-) located around center of atom -neutrons (0) located in center of atom

3. What is an Element? Elements have the same # of protons and electrons
Number of protons = number of electrons
Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons, but they have a different number of neutrons.
Many isotopes are radioactive and emit energy and particles.

4. What do Atoms look like? Have energy levels, or shells:
The shells surround the nucleus (center of atom)
Contains electrons- negatively charged particles

5. Why do Atoms form bonds?
When an atom’s does not contain a full outer shell, it is likely to form a chemical bond with one or more atoms.
A compound: consist of two or more elements that are chemically combined in specific proportions.

6. Types of Chemical Bonds
1. Ionic bonds: form between metal and nonmetal
2. Covalent bonds: form between two non-metals.
3. Metallic bonds: form between two metals.

7. the Periodic Table

8. Practice: Is it a metal, non-metal, metalloid? Na N Metal Li H

9. What is a mixture?
Mixture is any combination of two or more substance that are not chemically combined.
Examples of mixtures:
Salt & pepper
_______________________
Sweet tea

10. Organic Vs. Inorganic Organic: Made of Carbon and hydrogen
Normally living organisms or products of living organisms
Inorganic: Made of everything else
Normally non-living or man made

11. Minerals
Mineral: a naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical composition.

12. Minerals Characteristics:
Naturally formed- it forms in nature on its own
Orderly crystalline structure
Solid (cannot be liquid or gas)
Has to have a definite chemical composition
Has to have a characteristic crystalline structure

13. What makes a Mineral different?
Mineral characteristics are determined by the arrangement of atoms
Diamond & Graphite have the same chemical composition, but a different atom arrangement.

14. What makes a Minerals different?

15. Examples of Minerals:
Glass- can be naturally formed (volcanic glass is called obsidian)
Ice- is naturally formed, is a solid, has definite chemical composition
Halite (salt)- naturally formed, is solid, has definite crystalline structure.