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2. PAF 101 Module 3, Lecture 2
“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.”
~Aristotle
• Discussion about how politicians seem to wave back-and-forth in the wind
• This waving back-and-forth is why people hate politicians
• Coplin suggested that the spineless nature of politicians could be a good thing.

3. Class Agenda Announcements Dale Carnegie Quick overview of Chapter 6
The Problem Solving Framework
Grading Exercise Introduction
Assignment for Next Class

4. Fireside Chat- Featuring Sebastiano

5. Email Your Societal Problem to Your TA
your TA by 8 PM on Wednesday with your societal problem and local geographic location or lose 5 points

6. Competition Points Winners Losers Group # Points 2 17 15 16 8 3 14 913 5 18 7 11 10 20 4 6 12 19 1
Winners
Losers
As of 10/7/16

7. Looking for Extra Credit?
There are many opportunities coming up for extra credit
Check out this link
Receive up to 15 points in extra credit
Extra credit forms are found on PAF 101 site

8. Reminder About Spine of Mod. 3
5.1a Define the societal problem
5.3 Evidence of the problem
6.3 Policy to deal with the problem

9. Choosing a Specific Societal Problem
Must be a measurable societal condition
Must be at a local area
Try to connect it to your community service or previous experience or contact
Give an example of a bad and good societal problem

10. Introduction to 6.2 Exercise 6.2: Finding Legislation on Your Topic
Using find a piece of federal legislation related to your topic area
Use the New York State Website or New York State Assembly/Senate websites to find state legislation

11. 6.2 Citations For legislation, use the Cornell University Guide:
&p=880403
Use the librarian lecture (M2L2) slides for additional information

12. About 6.3
Propose a policy to ameliorate your societal problem in your local area
Policy proposal can be federal, state or local but must discuss effectiveness for your local area
Policies can be existing or proposed in other geographic locations
Start by thinking about current policies
Emphasis on that the policy can be a policy currently proposed

13. Policy Tool in 6.3
Include the specific policy tool you will use selecting one of the options provided on the following page in the module at the end of the sentence

14. Policy Tools for 6.3 Direct Government Action
Economic and Social Regulation
Loan Guarantees and Direct Government Loans
Contracts
Vouchers
Grants
Taxes

15. About 6.4
Identify a published source that helped you develop the policy
Identify a player that helped you develop the policy

16. Quick Example of Module
SEX

17. Sex Is A Very Important Variable
Societal problem
• Asked class if they thought gender discrimination is still a problem; most did

18. Defining the Societal Problem
Based on the slide I just provided, what is the societal problem?
Ask students if they had ever been discriminated against

19. Is the Wage Gap Changing?
In 2010 women who worked full time, year round, still only earned 77 percent of what men earned. The median earnings for women were $36,931 compared to $47,715 for men, and neither real median earnings nor the female-to-male earnings ratio have increased since 2009.
Percent of Median Earnings of Men
In 1963, women earned 59 cents for every dollar that men earned.
Today, nearly 50 years later, women have made up less than half of that pay gap.
In 2011, for example, a typical 25 year-old woman working full-time, year-round will have already earned $5,000 less than a typical 25 year-old man.
If that woman faces the same wage gaps at each age that existed in 2011, then by age 35, she will have earned $33,600 less than a typical 35 year-old man.
By age 65, that earnings gap will have ballooned to $389,300.
College-educated women earn 5 percent less the first year out of school than their male peers. Ten years later, even if they keep working on par with those men, the women earn 12 percent less.
Year
Source: White House Council on Women and Girls April 2012 Report, Bureau of Labor Statistics 2010, and Center for American Progress

20. Example of 5.1 & 5.3 Gender Wage Gap
5.1 Women make less money than men for the same job
5.3 Evidence of the Problem 1. Trend line showing wage differential between
2. According to National Averages in 2009 – FOR EVERY DOLLAR A MAN MAKES A WOMAN WITH COMPARABLE SKILLS IN A SIMILAR POSITION WILL ONLY MAKE 77 CENTS. 4
• Example of module exercises, perhaps put more of an emphasis on the fact these are examples of how to do module 3.

21. Example of 5.4 Gender Wage Gap
5.4 Causes
Discrimination by male elite
Historical lag
Male dominated jobs pay more
Demands of parenting break career patterns.
Women are better at taking care of children because men will like drop the baby on its head if they see a bottle of beer.

22. 5.5 Existing policy Federal legislation: The Equal Pay Act of 1963
Says employers cannot discriminate against their employees based on gender

23. Example of 5.6B Gender Wage Gap 5.6B Role of Interest Groups
Child Care Council
Organizations providing employment advice to displaced homemakers
Divorce and husband dies

24. Policies to deal with gender wage gap?

25. Through Grading Policies (Refer to pp. 70 to 72 Maxwell Manual)
Class Goal
Maximize Learning for All
Through Grading Policies (Refer to pp. 70 to 72 Maxwell Manual)
Pre-grading
Breakdown exercise
Study Table
Change grading policy

26. Pro Con More Grade Subsidies Only policy option to make point system
Conservative 35%
Social -Guaranteed B to 70% of class
Traditional- leave as it is
• Students began discussing which grading policy they thought would best fix the problem that students learn too little in PAF 101; some students already understood the idea behind the exercise while others didn’t.

27. Grading Exercise For Wednesday,
Write a paragraph on your preferred grading system and hand in at the door to when you enter the auditorium or lose 5 points.
Located on pp in the Maxwell Manual
Put your name and group number on your response!

28. Extra Credit Opportunity
Come in next class with a typed question to ask the speaker
If all of your group members bring in questions, you get one extra credit point!
If any group member forgets, no extra credit, but no points are lost
You have nothing to lose and everything to gain so DO IT

29. For Next Class
Bring a typed paragraph on Wednesday on your preferred grading system or lose 5 points. Make sure your name and group number is on your response!
Complete Exercises this week
Work on the Excel assignment due on 10/14 (print and hand in)
your TA by 8 PM on Wednesday with your societal problem and geographic location or lose 5 points